Chronic Asthma

Epidemiology

"The production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in response to exposure to allergens" (Hammer & McPhee, 2014, p. 229).

Pathophysiology

"As a consequence of airway inflammation and smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness, the airways are narrowed, resulting in an increase in airway resistance" (Hammer & McPhee, 2014, p. 230).

Clinical Presentation

Dyspnea/chest tightness

Wheezing

Cough

Tachypnea

Tachycardia

Hypoxemia

Hypercapnia

Diagnosis

History and physical

Arterial blood gas

Spirometry

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Treatment

Short-acting bronchodilators

Inhaled corticosteroids

Long-acting beta agonists

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Leukotriene inhibitor

Methylxanthines

Cromolyn

Monoclonals