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Paraphrase the Principles of Verbal Messages (Messages Can Deceive (Liars…
Paraphrase the Principles of Verbal Messages
Message Meanings Vary in Abstraction
Abstraction: or "entertainment" like television, novels, drama, comics...
Message Meanings Vary in Assertiveness
Major behavior patterns
They volunteer opinions and beliefs, deal directly with interpersonal communication situations that may be stressful, and question others without fear
They stand up and argue for their rights, even if this may entail a certain degree of disagreement or conflict with relatives or close friends
They express their feelings frankly and openly in people in general as well as to those in whom they may have a romantic interest
They make up their own minds on the basis of evidence and argument instead of just accepting what others say
Suggestions
Describe the problem; don't evaluate or judge it
State how this problem affects you
Propose solutions that re workable and that allow the person to save face :
Confirm understanding
Reflect on your own assertiveness
Assertive Messages:
enable you to act in your own best interests without denying or infringing on the rights of others
Assertive Messages:
express your real thoughts but are nevertheless respectful of the other person
Messages Vary in Immediacy
Suggestions:
Talk about commonalities, things you and the other person have done together or share
Demonstrate your responsiveness by giving feedback cues that indicate you want to listen more and that you're interested
Maintain appropriate eye contact, smile, and express your interest in the other person
Refer to the other person's good qualities of, say, dependability, intelligence, or character
Self-disclose; reveal something significant about yourself
Focus on the other person's remarks
Immediacy:
the creation of closeness, a sense of togetherness between speaker and listener
Message Meanings Are in People: Meanings are not in words but in people
Meaning Are Denotative and Connotative
Denotation:
refers to the meaning you'd find in a dictionary; the objective or descriptive aspect of a word's meaning
Connotation:
the emotional meaning that specific speakers/listeners give to a word
Messages Can Be Onymous or Anonymous
Onymous Messages:
the author of the message is clearly identified
Anonymous Messages:
The author of the message is not identified
Message Meanings Vary in Politeness: Polite messages reflect positively on the other person and respect the other person's right to be independent and autonomous
Messages Can Deceive
Liars hold back
Liars make less sense
Liars give a more negative impression
Liars are tense
Truth Bias:
we assume that the person is telling the truth, especially strong in long-term relationships
Lying:
refer to the act of sending messages with the intention of giving another person information you believe to be false
