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INNOVATION AND COMMERCIALIZATIONtext (CHAPTER 3 ((5) SOURCE OF TECH…
INNOVATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION
text
CHAPTER 1
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE (INNOVATION)
-New cust segment that appear to be emerging
-Existing cust needs that have not been satisfied
-New ways of manufacturing and distribution P&S
INNOVATION IS ABOUT
New ways of serving existing markets
Rethinking services
4P
Product innovation
Process
Position innovation
Paradigm
CHAPTER 2
(1) KNOWLEDGE PUSH = TECHNOLOGY PUSH
Something that start from research to produce products
(2) NEED PULL ( Comes from cust )
Ex : low cost airline, energy saving cars
(5) EMERGING NEW MARKET AT THE BASE OF PYRAMID
-How entrepreneur can produce product to cuter the poor
-Microfinance- the poor borrow money from bank
CHAPTER 3
(1) OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION
-the process of using creative skills to identify a new innovation
(2) OPPORTUNITY CREATION
entrepreneur identify a way to satisty a need
(3) OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION PROCESS
Preparation
Incubation
Evaluation
Elaboration
(4) OR POTENTIAL
Opportunity mindset
Exercise patience
Bulid diverse network
Increase knowledge & experience
(5) SOURCE OF TECH OPPORTUNITY
Study the industry
Talk to customer
Mapping the industry
Look into university opportunities
Search the patent literature
Investigate government sources
(6) POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL TECH ENVIRONMENT LEGAL ( PESTEL)
LOGISTICAL DRIVERS
Facilities
actual physical location in sc network where product is stored, assembled/ fabricated
2 TYPES
Production sites
Storage sites
ROLE IN SC
Increase respensiveness by increase facilities, more flexible
Although inventory cost increase, but low outbound transportation cost, and decrese the response time
COMPONENTS
Location
Capacity
Demand allocation
Facility - related metrics
Capability
CHAPTER 4
FEASIBILITY STUDY
An analysis of vialibity of an idea
BENEFIT OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
Narrows the business alternatives
Identifies a valid reasons to undertake the project
Aids decision-making on the project
STAGES OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
Pre-feasibility study
Feasibility study
DIMENSIONS OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
(2) FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
To ascertain whether the proposed project will be financially viable in the sense of being able to meet th burden of servicing debt
ASPECT OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Project profitability
Break-even-point
Means of financing
Cash flow of project
Investment worthwhileness judged in terms of various criteria of merit
Investment outlay and cost of project
Projected financial position
(5) ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Analysis of a project's cost and revenues in an effort to determine whether or not it is logical and possible to complete
PROJECT BENEFITS
TANGIBLE BENEFITS
-reduce error
-more fleaxible
INTANGIBLE BENEFITS
-raise morale
-timely information
PROJECT COSTS
TANGIBLE BENEFITS
-system development
-site preparation
INTANGIBLE BENEFITS
-Maintain and support
-consumables
(3) TECHINCAL ANALYSIS
A project idea can be scrutinized in detail to evaluate its techincal feasibility
Technical analysis distinct from commercial, financial,economic and managerial feasibility
PURPOSE OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
To ensure that the project is technically feasible in the sense that all the inputs required to set up the project are available.
To facilitate the most optimal formulation of the project in terms of technology, size, location, and so on.
TECHINCAL ANALYSIS FACTOR
Location and size
Plant and size
Technology
Layout
Machinery and equipment
Environment impact assessment
Inputs
Manpower
(4) ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Characterized by the indepence of living organisms in an environment
(1) MARKET ANALYSIS
A systematic gathering, recording and analysing of data about problems relating to the market of goods and service
METHOD OF MARKET RESEARCH
FILED RESEARCH
Telephone interview
Postal survey
Personal interview
Purchase survey
DESK RESEARCH
Internal sources
Online research
Printed research
(6) LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE
LEGAL FEASIBILITY
A measure of how well a solution can be implemented within existing legal/contractual obligations.
It includes study concerning contracts, liability, violations, and legal other traps frequently unknown to the technical staff.
ADMINISTRATIVE ANALYSIS
Administrative relating to the management of a company, school, or other organization. Or has held a position with significant secretarial or clerical duties.
(7) TOWARDS MASS CUSTOMIZATION
Distribution customizatiom
Assembly customization
Fabrication customization
Design customization
Users as innovators
Extreme users
Watch & learn from others
Recombinant innovation
Regulation
Future & forecasting
Design driven innovation
Accident
BASIC ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
-Financial revolution
-First mover to scale
-Scarcity
-Monopply
-Better, cheaper and faster
(8) BREAKDOWN OF INNOVATION SOURCES BY FIRM SIZE
Internal
Market
Institutional
Other sources
(9) INNERATION MODELS
(SIMULTANEOUS COUPLING MODEL)
(LINEAR MODEL)
Tech push = R&D > manufacturing > marketing > users
Market Pull = marketing > R&D > manufacturing > user
(INTERACTING MODEL
(NETWROK MODEL)
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Regulatory challenge can split innovation
Provide tax incentive
Fund basic & early- stage research
(3) IMPROVE PROCESS
Ex : TQM movement, BEPR ideas, lean( practice)
(4) SHOCK TO SYSTEM
-Something we do not know/ imagine the future of a product. Ex: Camera
(6) CRISIS- DRIVEN INNOVATION
Ex : post devasting earthquake & hurricane -build a buliding that do not collapse during earthquakes
MYIPO
Patnet in Malaysia
WIPO
Patent in the World