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Acute Asthma (Clinical Presentation (Chest tightness, Dyspnea, Cough,…
Acute Asthma
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Epidemiology
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Affects males at rate of 2:1 versus females in childhood, evenly affects adult men and women
Increasing prevalence world wide, especially in industrialized nations and in children less than 6 yrs old
Accounts for 250,000 deaths annually worldwide
Affects 5-10% of the population, or 23.4 million people including 7 million children in the U.S.
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Pathophysiology
Th2 cells release cytokines and interleukins, which activates B lymphocytes and eosinophils
B lymphocytes (plasma cells) create IgE which binds to mast cells causing degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators
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Inflammatory mediators stimulate bronchial smooth muscle constriction, vasodilation,and mucus hypersecretion, leading to edema, airway narrowing, and airway obstruction