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Discuss reliability and validity of diagnosis of abnormal behaviour…
Discuss reliability and validity of diagnosis of abnormal behaviour
Diagnosis of abnormal behaviour
What? How?
symptoms
Self-reports by patients
observations
clinical tests
information from relatives
Identifying and classifying abnormal behaviour
Use psychological assessments and diagnostic manuals
Why?
classify and standardize diagnosis
Purpose: treatment and to make a prognosis
Diagnostic manuals
DSM-V: List of 300 "mental disorders" and symptoms, no etiology
ICD-10: WHO, Mental disorders, and causes
Reliability
same diagnosis consistently
same diagnostic procedure
consistency in diagnosis
inter-judge reliability
Use of standardized clinical interview schedules improves reliability
Use of diagnostic manuals enhance reliability
subjective interpretations regarding severity of symptoms
Rosenhahn (1973)
challenged reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnosis
consequences of being 'labelled'
Eight pseudo patients diagnosed with severe psychological disorders, imposters
Cooper et al(1972)
The UK-US Diagnostic project
Reliability of diagnosis of depression and schizophrenia
American and British psychiatrists
Diagnose patients by watching videotaped clinical interviews
British: depression; Americans: schizophrenia
Same cases didn't have similar diagnosis in two countries
Cultural differences in interpretation of symptoms, affecting diagnosis
Fernando (1991): Diagnosis is a social process and not objective
Involves value judgements
problems in understanding symptoms of individuals from another culture