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2.2 Number System and Representation 2.3 Information Coding Scheme…
2.2 Number System and Representation
2.3 Information Coding Scheme
Number Systems
Three common number system
Binary Numbers
Base 2 number system that uses 2 digits; 0
and 1
Binary numbers are formed by combining
digits 0 and 1
Examples of binary numbers:
– 110, 0010, 1110, 10000111
Decimal Numbers
Base 10 number system that uses 10 digits;
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Decimal numbers
are formed by combining
any digits from 0 to 9
Examples of decimal numbers: – 18, 265, 2016, 15000000
Hexadecimal Numbers
Base 16 number system that uses 16 symbols;
0,1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Digits 0 to 9 represents values 0 to 9, while
alphabet A to F represents values 10 to 15
Examples of
hexadecimal numbers:
– 25, A1, D6, 95C4
Conversion of numbers
Decimal to Binary
Binary to Decimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Binary to Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
Advantages of coding scheme
– enable humans to interact with a digital computer
that processes only bits.
– enables components in computers to
communicate with each other successfully
ASCII
8-bit coding scheme
designed to represent
English alphabets and some special symbols
Uses 8 bits to represent one character
Can represent 256 different characters.
used on all types of computer and operating
systems
Sufficient for English and Western European
languages but is not large enough for Asian
and other languages that use different
alphabets
EBCDIC
8-bit coding scheme designed to
represent English alphabets and some special symbols
Uses 8 bits to represent one character
Can represent 256 different characters
Used on
IBM mainframe
computers and high
end servers
Unicode
16-bit coding scheme that has the capacity to
represent all the world’s current languages
Uses 16 bits to represent one character
Can represent 65536 different characters or
symbols
Used on all types of computer and operating
systems
Existing ASCII coding scheme is fully
compatible with Unicode because the first 256
codes are the same
