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3.2 The Internet 3.2.1 Overview of the Internet (ISP and IP Address)…
3.2 The Internet
3.2.1 Overview of the Internet
(ISP and IP Address)
*Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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• Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an
organization that provides Internet access to
individuals and organizations.
• Also provide related services such as:
– Web site hosting and development
– Email hosting
– Domain name registration
*Responsibilities of ISP
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• Provide and maintain a connection to the
Internet
• Provide hardware and software support to the
connection
• Protect against external threats such as
viruses, hackers and other illegal activities
• Provide 24-hour customer service and
technical support
*Examples of the ISP in Malaysia
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• MAXIS
• TMNet
• Celcom
• DiGi
• Jaring
*The Internet Address
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• The Internet relies on an addressing system
much like the postal service to send data and
information to a computer at a specific
destination.
• Also called, Internet Protocol address or IP
address.
*IP Address
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• IP address is a unique number used to locate
and identify a computer or device on a
network.
• This unique number will be assigned to each
and every computer or devices connected to a
network.
• IP address is used as an address to send data
and information to a specific computer or
device on the Internet.
*Versions of IP Address
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• Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) :recycle:
– The most widely used version of IP address
– IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a
total of 232 addresses.
• Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) :recycle:
– The new version of IP address which has more
capabilities than IPv4 in providing more IP
addresses.
– IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a
total of 2128 addresses.
*The importance of IPv6
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• The Internet has experienced a phenomenal
increase of devices accessing the Internet.
• Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are
running out.
• The solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this
increased demand by providing a much larger
address space, along with improved traffic
routing and better security
*Advantages of IPv6
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• Larger IP address space - provide enough
address space for many decades to come
• Better security
• Better support for real time
• Includes Plug and play
• Better optimization
*Structure of IPv4 Address
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• Each IPv4 address is made up of four groups of
numbers, that range from 0 to 255, separated
by a period.
• Examples of IPv4 addresses:
– 10.20.20.16
– 172.16.200.99
• IPv4 address has two parts:
• Example:
– 10.20.20.16
• 10.20.20 (network part)
• 16 (machine part)
– The machine part (last number) identifies the
specific computer.
– The network part (first three numbers) identifies
the network.
*Structure of IPv6 Address
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• Each IPv6 address is represented as eight
groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated
by colons (:)
• Examples of IPV6 address (full notation):
– 2001:0db8:00a7:8ac4:0234:7bff:fe19:223c
– 2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0001
• Example of IPV6 address (compressed format):
– 2001:db8:a0b:12f0::1
*Domain Name
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• A domain name is the text version of an IP
address.
• Examples:
– www.google.com
– www.kmk.matrik.edu.my
• Every domain name contains a top-level
domain (TLD), which is the last section of the
domain name.
– www.kmk.matrik.edu.my
– www.google.com
– www.abim.org
– www.bankislam.biz
– www.speedtest.net
• Two (2) types of TLD:
– Generic TLD (gTLD)
– Country Code TLD (ccTLD)
• A generic TLD identifies the type of
organization associated with the domain.
• Country Code TLD identifies the country of
origin associated with the domain.
• Examples:
– com - Commercial organizations, businesses, or
companies
– gov - Government agencies
– org - Nonprofit organizations
– my - Malaysia