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MEMORY (Autobiographical (BLUCK & ALEA 2009 WHY? (Maintenance of…
MEMORY
Autobiographical
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PREBBLE ET AL. 2013 Some aspects of semantic memory; e.g.
KLEIN & LAX, 2010 Brain damaged patients with no episodic memory recall own personality
BLUCK & ALEA 2009 WHY?
- Maintenance of social bonds
e.g. shared memories
- Directing future behaviour
- Self continuity over time
Trace Theory
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McCLOSKEY ET AL. 1988
concluded that FBM are not more accurate; if we remember them vividly, it is likely due to replaying them repeatedly.
TALARICO & RUBIN 2003
9/11 survey; 3 groups; consistencies scored with detail recalled, at 1 / 6 / 32 weeks. Time decayed accuracy though belief was strong that they were accurate. More emotion associated with them, but not more accurate.
R. BROWN & KULIK 1977
(SURPRISING & CONSEQUENTIAL) Flashbulb
Highly detailed memory trace
80 Harvard UGs; free recall of assassination attempts.
LARSON, 1992
*Event Memories (4 planes involved)
vs Flashbulb Memories (where they were eg.)*
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Short Term Memory STM
Info currently held 'in mind' and has limited capacity 
Phonological STM
BADDELEY 66 showed STM relied on sound encoding because similar sounds were interfered with in STM
e.g. cat, bat, sat
he compared semantic too... with
SOUND SIMILAR?
10% recalled vs 80%
MEAN SIMILAR? (e.g. small, little, tiny)
65% vs 75%
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SENSORY INPUT FROM ALL SOURCES
HALF A SEC (ICONIC) TO A FEW SECONDS (ECHOIC)
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Long Term Memory LTM
Info that's stored; and considered essentially unlimited, diverse and remembered from a lifetime
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Semantic
SACH'S 67 showed that we remember meaning of sentence, not actual sentence
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ATKINSON & SHIFFRIN 68 multi store model
SD AS DR LI
SENSORY (decay) unless ATTENDED TO
STM (displacement) unless REHEARSED
LTM (interference)
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Double dissociation:
demonstrating that tasks use independent structures.
Single dissociation
provides limited and potentially misleading information regarding brain function in neuropsychology
Korsakoff syndrome cant remember the breakfast
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SOOOOOO phonologically encoded in STM more than semantically
TECHNIQUES FOR INVESTIGATING:
DIGIT SPAN
RELEARNING, EG ROBINSON 2005
FOUND THAT AFTER RESTRAINING LIMB MOVEMENTS OF FETAL RATS USING A YOKE, RATS WERE GIVEN KINESTHETIC FEEDBACK TO INFLUENCE THEIR MOTOR MOVEMENTS AND WERE FASTER AT MOVEMENTS PREVIOUSLY LEARNED.
brown, roediger & McDaniel, 2014
better at recognition than producing - superiority of recognition memory when asked exam question then discussed after with colleague. knowing the right answer.
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