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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development (Piaget has identified four…
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget believed that...
the development of child occurs through a continuous transformation of thought processes.
children develop steadily and gradually throughout the varying stages and that the experiences in one stage from the fundations for movement to the next.
All people pass through each stage before starting the next one; no one skips any stage.
Piaget has identified four primary stage of development :
1 : SENSORIMOTOR
Characterized
the progessive acquisition of object permanence :
The child becomes able to find object after they have been displaced, even if the object have been taken out of his filed of vision.
their ability to link number to objects
e.g.,one dog, two cats, three pigs, four hippos
To develop the mathematical capability
allow ample opportunity to act on the environment in unrestricted ways in order to start building concepts.
should lay a solid mathematical foundation
providing activities that incorporate counting
enhance children's conceptual development of number
connects mathematics and literature
book : incorporating mathematical concepts and ideas , include pictorial illustrations,
Because children can link numbers to objects
development of reading skills and comprehension
2 : PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
Characteristics
increase in language ability
symbolic thought
egocentric perspective
limited logic
rational thought makes little appearance.
the child links together unrelated events
sees objects as possessing life
does not understand point-of-view
perception are restricted to one dimension of an object (cannot conservation)
Children should...
engage with problem-solving tasks
that incorporate available materials such as blocks, sand, and water.
Teacher should...
elicit conversation
The verbalization of the child, as well as his actions on the materials
Gives a basis that permits the teacher to infer the machanisma of the child's thought processes.
should employ effective questioning about characterizing objects
3 : CONCRETE OPERATIONS STAGE
Characteristics
remarkable cognitive growth
utilize their senses in order to know
seriation and classification are developed
can consider two or three dimensions
To develop by use...
hands-on experiences
provide student an avenue to make abstract ideas concrete
allowing them to get their hands on mathematical ideas ans concepts as useful tools for solving problems
use manipulative to explore concepts such as place value and arithmetical operations.
manipulative material include : pattern blocks, Cuisenaire rods, algebra tiles, algebra cubes, geoboards, tangrams, counters, dice, spinners
or convenient materials : paper folding, cutting
materials helps to build their mathematical confidence by giving them a way to test and confirm their reasoning.
multiple ways of representing a mathematical solution
Providing various mathematical representations acknowledges the uniqueness of student
provides multiple paths for making ideas meaningful
Engendering opportunities for student to present mathematical solution
Challenges of teacher is...
to help students make connections between the mathematics concepts and the activity.
4 : FORMAL OPERATIONS STAGE