Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

TOPIC 4 PROKARYOTES (PROKARYOTES INTERNAL (ENDOSPORE- resting structure…

- - - - Selectively permeable barrier
      - synthesize cell wall components
      - assists in DNA replication
      - carries on respiration
      - capture energy as ATP
    - - Plasmolysis
      - lysis
    - - Macroelements- COHNSP, K Ca Mg Fe
      - micronutrients- Mn Zn Co Mo Ni Cu
      - some unique substances
    - - PASSIVE TRANSPORT
        
        osmosis
        
        Facilitated diffusion
        
        Simple diffusion
      - ACTIVE PROCESS
        
        Group translocation
        
        Active transport
  - - - observe in photosynthetic bacteria
      - observe in bacteria with high respiratory activity
  - - - Small circular , double stranded DNA
      - extrachromosomal genetic elements
      - do not contain genetic material essential for growth
      - contain features that enhance sirvivability
  - - - small subunit-30S subunit
      - large subunit-50S subunit
  - - - magnetosome
      - gas vesicle
      - carboxysomes
      - sulfur granules
      - lipid inclusion
      - polysaccharide granules
      - Metachromatic granules
  - - - Bacillus anthracis
      - Clostridium tetani
      - Clostridium botulinum
      - Clostridium perfringens
- - - - Unusual
        
        star-shaped
        
        triangular
        
        square
      - Pleomorphic- within a population various shapes
      - No fixed shape- less of cell wall (mycoplasma/ureaplasma)
  - - - Glycocalyx
        
        slime layer
        
        capsules
      - Flagella
        
        motility
        
        tumble
        
        swarm
        
        run/swim
        
        arrangement
        
        amphitrichous
        
        lophotrichous
        
        polar flagellum
        
        peritrichous
        
        monotrichous
      - Axial filaments
      - Fimbriae and Pili
    - - FUNCTION
        
        counter effect osmotic pressure
        
        provide rigid platform
        
        maintain shape
        
        classification
        
        contributes to pathogenicity
        
        Prevent bacterial cell from rupture when water pressure inside cell is greater than outside the cell
      - TYPES
        
        Gram negative cell wall
        
        Gram positive cell wall
    - - Mycoplasma
        
        no or little cell wall material
        
        membrane contain sterols, which impart rigidity to the membrane
        
        can pass through most bacterial filters
        
        unique plasma membrane in having lipid called sterols which protect osmotic lysis
      - Chlamydiaceae
        
        two membrane(just like Gram -)
        
        some gene peptidoglycan synthesis found in genome
        
        obligate intracellular parasites
        
        non-replicative elementary body (EB) form has extensive crosslinking in outer membrane proteins, analogues to spore
      - Archaea- lack peptidoglycan in cell wall
        
        cell wall of Gram + (pseudomurein)
        
        cell wall of Gram - archaea (a layer or two of thick protein or glycoprotein outside plasma membrane