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sciences for gcse (new sylabus) (physics (hooke's law & graphs…
sciences for gcse (new sylabus)
physics
atomic structure, nomenclature and isotopes
universe made of matter
smallest unit of matter is the molecule
molecules made of atoms
what defines an element
atom as tiny nucleus surrounded by electron cloud
size of atom and nucleus including order of magnitude
size of nucleus average=10^ -14 meters size of atom normally 10^ -10
composition of nucleus
use symbols like ones on periodic tables and terms such as carbon-13 to describe a particular particle
charge and relative masses of proton, neutron, electron
meaning of atomic number, proton number, mass number and nucleon number
isotopes focus on definition (versions of the same element but with different amounts of neutrons.
ions and electron movement
emphasis electron orbit
atom neutrality resulting from charge balance
ionisation by addition or removal of electron
emphasise the emmision of em radiation due ti change in electron position
measurements & maths skills
SI units
significant figures
standard form
standard prefixes & conversions
units of area and volume (including conversion)
practical techniques
zero error=start from zero, or take away that value (systematic error)
parallax error measure at 90 degrees, bend down in line with subject and ruler (human error)
introduce the concept of repeating and averaging to minimise errors (in cases when readings vary) and help spot anomalies
density
units kg/m^3 and g/cm^3 and conversions between the two
typical values
rearrangements and simple calculations
stress that density is a quality of a material under certain conditions, not a feature of mass or volume
measurements of density of:
regular object
liquid
irregular object
gas
hooke's law & graphs
the concept of applying a tensile force to and object and it streching
the idea of a charge of shape measured by the extension from the original length
these changes of shape are normally quite small for a wire, but if we use a spring we can easily measure them.
Typical graphs of F vs e for wires, springs and elastic bands.
Drawing graphs, including dealing with anomalies
Independent and dependent variables
Using equipment: Focus on parallax error, use of pointer, clamping ruler, calculate extension but measure lengths etc.
Elastic and inelastic changes of shape
Hooke's law
Make sure the concept of direct proportionality is emphasised
using hooke's law to predict extensions and forces in simple samples
Energy stored in a spring
chemistry
atomic structure, nomenclature and isotopes
composition of nucleus
charge and relative atomic masses of proton, neutron and electron
isotopes, focus on definition
molecules made of atoms
meaning of atomic number, proton number and mass number
periodic table
alkali metal
halogens
noble gasses
reactivity and electron movement