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Principles of Radiography & Radiographic Interpretation (Basic…
Principles of Radiography & Radiographic Interpretation
Basic Terminology
X-ray
Radiograph
Opactity
Radiography
Density
Radiology
Radiographic Interpretation
Cassette
Used in conventional and computed radiography
Plates
Used in digital radiography
Radiopactities
Gas/Air
Fat
Soft Tissue
Mineral
Metallic
Consequences of Radiographs being 2D
Magnification
Reduce Object Focus Distance
Keep patient as close to target as possible
#
Reduces detail
Distortion
Unequal magnification
Limit diagnostic quality
Misrepresentation
Penumbra
Object Focus Distance
Film Focus Distance
Summation
Superimposition of structures
Image of a familiar part appearing unfamiliar
Loss of depth
Need for orthogonal projections
Border Effacement
2 structures of the same radiopacity are in contact
Radiology
Viewing Conditions
Radiographic Views
Orientation
Patient Right to Image Left
Patient Rostral/Cranial to Image Left
Side Markers
Anatomic L or R
Recumbency
Lateral margin CrCd/ DP or oblique views
Quiet
Ambient Room Lighting
Block out extra light
High luminescence and high definition monitor
Evaluate Radiographic Quality
Exposure
Collimation
Patient positioning
Phase of respiration
Patient factors
Roentgen Signs
Size
Shape
Opacity
Location
Number
Examine the Radiograph Systematically
Organ Approach
Area Approach
Evaluate Entire Approach
Soft tissue>Bone>Joints
Apply knowledge of normal anatomy
Form a differential list
Inaccuracies
Vision
Slow dark adaptation
Peripheral glare
Mach phenomenon
False white and black lines
Perceptual
Estimation of length, angle and size
Perceptual distortions
Subjective contours
Multistability of perceptions