Strategies
Finance
Operations
Marketing
Human Resources
Technology- leading edge, establishment
Outsourcing- advantages and disadvantages
Inventory management- advantages and disadvantages of holding stock, LIFO (last-in-last-out), FIFO (first-in-first-out), JIT (just-in-time)
Supply chain management- logistics, e-commerce, global sources
Quality management
New product or service design and development
Overcoming resistance to change- financial costs, purchasing new equipment, redundancy payments, retraining, reorganising plant layout, inertia
Performance objectives- quality, speed, dependability, flexibility, customisation, cost
Global factors- global sourcing, economies of scale, scanning and learning, research and development
Assurance
Improvement
Control
E-marketing
People, processes and physical evidence
Promotion
Price including pricing methods- cost, market, competition-based
Global marketing
Products- goods and/or services
Place/distribution
Market segmentation, product/service differentiation and positioning
Branding
Packaging
Pricing strategies- skimming, penetration, loss leaders, price points
Price and quality interaction
Elements of the promotion mix- advertising, personal selling and relationship marketing, sales promotions, publicity and public relations
The communications process- opinion leaders, word of mouth
Distribution channels
Channel choice- intensive, selective, exclusive
Physical distribution issues- transport, warehousing, inventory
Global branding
Standardisation
Customisation
Competitve positioning
Global pricing
Working capital management
Profitability management
Cash flow management
Global financial management
Cash flow statements =
Distribution of payments, discounts for early payment, factoring
Control of current assets- cash, receivable, inventories
Control of current liabilities- payables, loans, overdrafts
Strategies- leasing, sale and lease back
Cost control- fixed variable, cost centres, expense minimisation
Revenue controls- marketing objectives
Methods of international payment- payment in advance, letter of credit, clean payment, bill of exchange
Hedging
Interest rates
Derivatives
Exchange rates
Training and development- current or future skills
Performance management- development or administrative
Recruitment- internal or external, general or specific skills
Rewards- monetary and non-monetary, individual or group, performance pay
Job design- general or specific tasks
Global- costs, skills, supply
Leadership style
Workplace disputes
Resolution- negotiation, mediation, grievance procedures, involvement of courts and tribunals
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