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MILGRAM 1963 (Procedure (Milgram recruited 40 Pps via a newspaper ad. They…
MILGRAM 1963
Procedure
Milgram recruited 40 Pps via a newspaper ad. They believed they were partaking in a memory study. He also had two confederates, the 'experimenter', Mr. willams, who wore a lab coat and the the 'learner', Mr. Wallace who pretended to be another PP
When the volunteer arrived at Yale University a fake coin toss put the naive PP as the 'teacher' and Mr. Wallace as the 'learner'.
The teacher watched the learner being strapped into an electric chair and then felt a 45V sample shock to ensure they believed the shocks were real. PPs told that although the shocks were painful they would "not cause lasting damage."
The teacher then went to a separate room tot the learner, which had a shock generator with labels such as 'slight shock' or 'Danger'
The learner had learned a list of word pairs and the teacher tested him on this knowledge. For each wrong answer the teacher administered a shock, increasing by 15V. The highest was 450V
The Learner’s answers were pre-set and his cries of pain tape-recorded. The Learner got three-quarters of his answers wrong. At 300V the Learner banged on the wall and stopped answering. The Experimenter ordered the Learner to treat 'no answer' as a wrong answer, to deliver the shock and proceed with the next question.
The expermiemnter had a series of verbal prods to respond to the teacher's protests e.g The experiment requires you to continue. If all 4 were used then the experiment stopped.
Participants
His 40 PPs ranged in profession and education level, from not having finished elementary school to having doctorates. Included plumbers and corporate presidents
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Explanations
Agency Theory
The PPs were acting in the agentic state therefore believed the responsibility and consequences of the actions lay with the authority figure not themselves
Buffer zone
The PPs were protected from the consequences of their action since they were in different room to the learner
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Disposition
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P's in caring jobs, Catholics and those with HE showed less obedience.
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Aim
To investigate the power of legitimate authourity, and to see how they would obey orders form authorty that went against their moral code/values
Milgram was inspires by the televised trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann to investigate how/why the soldiers had committted such atrocities
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Results
Between 300V and 375V, 14 participants dropped out of the study
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