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"FRINGE" APPROACHES (Total Physical Response (ASHER (Process…
"FRINGE"
APPROACHES
Silent Way
GATTEGNO (1963)
Autonomous/active learner
Cuisinaire rods as phonemes
& Fidel charts for possible spellings of phonemes
Self/peer correction
T as enigmatic figure - steps in if SS off course
Wall pictures of everyday scenes
Total Physical Response
ASHER
Low error correction
Grammar taught inductively
Process
Drills & presentations
SS listen intently
SS perform required actions
Learning aided by physical response
Low stress - output not initially a requirement
Based on L1 acquisition theory that kids...
Observe
Hypothesise
Experiment
Evaluate
GOUIN (Mid 19th Century)
The Series Method
Language used is related to actions
Community Language Learning
CURRAN (1972)
No fixed syllabus - SS choose
Plenar activity
T as consultant, S as client
Process
A student records the opener for the conversation
SS continue and ask for help from T if needed
At end SS transcribe the recording
Lang analysis stage
Low risk-taking
Early idea about stress blocking learning
Some evidence of approach in new
Web 2.0 language sites with collaboratively
created content
Suggestopedia
(Suggestology)
LOZANOV (1979)
Process
Comfortable music
(not background vol)
T reads extended dialogue (3 pages)
SS read along, text has key vocab etc
T rpts with quieter music
SS roleplay
Language from text consolidated
with games, drama, songs roleplays etc
idea that comfort and positive suggestion aids learning
T as super-mentor/parental figure