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(6A) ACHIEVEMENT GOALS THEORY (CORRELATES OF GOALS (Belifs about success …
(6A) ACHIEVEMENT GOALS THEORY
WHAT IS AGT?
Defined as:
attainment of personally / socially valued achievement goal that has meaning for him in PA setting
also defined as success / failure in obtaining the goal based on indiv ax of the outcome of the achievement behaviour
It assumes that indiv:
intentional
goal-directed
operating in rational manner
These AG led to achievement belifs and guide decision-making and behaviour in achievement contexts
To understand indiv motivations:
function
meaning
of achievement behaviour to indiv must be factored in
axn goal must be understood
WHAT IS AGT'S ULTIMATE GOAL?
the desire to develop and demo competence and
to avoid demo-ing incompetence
WHAT ARE THE 2 CONCEPTIONS OF ABILITY?
(Does not differentiate effort / task)
SELF-REFERENCED
aka task involvement
focus on learning, personal progress
OTHER-REFERENCED
aka Ego involvement
focus on outperforming others
personality / disposition & situation = task / ego orientation
Goals are
orthogonal
(independent of one another).
can be high on one, low on other
high on both
or low on both
elite athletes r high on both
CORRELATES OF GOALS
Belifs about success
hv inkling of how things work in achievement contexts
task orientation = belief that success is via hard work & effort
Ego = belief that success is via having high ability, using deceptive strategies and trying to impress others
Belifs about Purposes of Sport / PE
what is the purpose of participating in it?
Task = belifs that purpose of sport to promote mastery and values of effort exertion, enhance social responsibility and lifetime participation
Ego = sport as a means of enhancing one's status & recognition
Learning & Competitive Strategies
TASK = adaptive strategies (persistent practice, exert effort in comp)
EGO = tendency to avoid practice (coz of perceived higher ability) & focus on winning during competition
EGO indiv = considers practice as a means to demo competence to others
Perceived Competence
TASK = focus on task mastery and self-improvement therefore enhance dev of perceived competence
EGO = compare own ability with others, increase prob of feeling incompetent
Motive for Participation
TASK = more
intrinsic
motives for participation (dev skills and being part of the team)
EGO = more
extrinsic
motives for participation (social recognition, gain status)
Enjoyment & Interest
TASK = IM therefore enjoyment, satisfaction
EGO = negatively related to enjoyment, interest
Anxiety & Coping Strategies
TASK = lower level of anxiety due to effective coping strategies
EGO = higher anxiety due to less effective coping strategies
ATTITUDES TOWARDS AGGRESSION & CHEATING
TASK = less likely to endorse aggressive behaviour & therefore higher lvls of sportsmanship
EGO = greater approval of aggressive acts and more likely to endorse un-sportsmanship play & cheating
WHAT ARE THE ISSUES SURROUNDING HIERARCHICAL ACHIEVEMENT MODEL?
EMPIRICAL STANDPOINTS
Inter-r/s between approach & avoidance goals
Saving face found to be larger vs demo incompetence & fear of failure
CONCEPTUAL STANDPOINTS:
Perception of competence led to AG
Approach & Aversive valence of competence strivings energises motivationaal processes
Goals are manifestations of needs