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UNIT 4 (Romantic Symphonies (Romantic Characteristics (Themes (dreams and…

- - - - programmatic
        
        considered step backward from potential of music to express things beyond words
      - absolute
        
        proponents relied on structure of sound for expression
    - - form was most important organizing element
      - no programmatic thought process
  - - - dreams and passions
      - life and death
      - destiny
      - god an nature
      - good vs. evil
  - - - A-B-A' form
      - Key
        
        C minor
        
        alternates between major and minor
        
        chromatic middle sections
      - syncopation is 3 against 2 rhythm patterns
      - Lyrical
        
        melancholy
        
        waltz-like
      - arched dynamics and subtle rubato
- - - - early decades of 1800s
      - Beethoven
    - - Bohemians/rebel
      - eternal longing
      - indefinable discontent
    - - French revolution
        
        power to middle class
      - Industrial revolution
        
        urbanization
      - free enterprise
      - individualism
      - Democracy
  - - - symphonies began as Italian opera overtures
        
        3 sections: fast-slow-fast
        
        eventually separate movements
        
        minuet added
    - - fast-slow-fast
    - - 30-40 players
      - 4 instrument families
        
        strings
        
        woodwinds
        
        brass
        
        percussion
  - - - wrote over 100
      - London symphonies
  - - - triangle
      - cymbals
      - bass drums
      - bell tree
    - - allegretto
      - homophonic
      - C major
        
        sudden change to minor in middle section
      - ternary structure: A-B-A'
      - duple meter
      - military introduction to closing coda
- - - - home and concert hall
      - staple of refined education
    - - factory-made, standardization, affordability
      - metal frame, increased string tension
      - improved mechanical action, extended range
  - - - etudes (highly virtuosic study pieces)
      - character pieces
        
        nocturnes
        
        preludes
        
        dances
    - - solo piano equivalent to the song
      - short
      - projects melodies and dramatic moods within compact form
      - sometimes fanciful titles
  - - - French father
      - Polish mother
    - - "Everything must be made to sing"
  - - - lively triple-meter dance
      - accent on second or third beat of measure
    - - 1833
      - chromatic, wide-ranges
      - dance-like triple meter
      - expressive depth, rubato
      - Form: A-B-A'-B-A'-C-C-D-A long coda