Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice (What is crime? (Politics…

- - - - Revealed only 50 per cent crime reported to police;
        
        Factors affecting the reporting of crime
        
         The victim is powerless e.g. child abuse.
        
         Fear reprisals.
        
         Willingness of victim to give evidence
        
         Ambivalence or distrust of police
        
         Victim may think CJS won’t handle the complaint justly
      - Conducted annually since 2001
      - Random samples of population to recall crimes against them in past year;
      - Measures how much people fear crime and how they try to avoid it.
    - - New rules on recording every crime that has been called through will show an increase in reported crime.
      - An increase in crime may be because more crime is reported rather than committed.
    - -  Fuller picture of nature and extent of victimisation.
      -  Now known as the Crime Survey for England and Wales
      -  The CSEW provides a better reflection of the extent of crime than police recorded figures as the survey asks about crimes that are not reported to or recorded by the police (but bear in mind now the new rules).
      -  The survey also asks for your opinion of different crime-related issues such as the police and criminal justice system and perceptions of crime and anti-social behaviour.
      -  Argued the TRUER extent of crime.
- - - - Shapes reactions (Case et al. 2017). Effects attitudes and behaviours (Gross & Aday, 2003; Roberts & Stalans, 1997; Surette, 2007)
        
        Focuses on violent crime
        
        People most worried about violent crime
        
        Tabloid readers twice as likely to fear crime
        
        People are concerned with crimes that they are least likely to be a victim of.
        
        Despite crime seeming to decrease, the public believe it is increasing.
        
        fear leads to:
        
        reduced neighborhood
        cohesion
        
        altered habits such as staying indoors more frequently
        and withdrawing from social activities
        
        increased target hardening
        
        impaired physical and psychological health
        
        widespread
        television broadcasting in
        fluenced consumers' attitudes and per-
        ceptions about social reality (Gerbner
        &Gross, 1976; Gerbner,Gross, Jackson-Beeck, Jeffries-Fox,
        & Signorielli, 1978; Gerbner, Gross, Morgan, & Signorielli, 1980).
      - Prioritises making money - crime sells papers
        
        Covers crime extensively
        
        • Galtung and Ruge (1973) stated that the following qualities make a story reportable:
         Unexpectedness;
         Unpredictability;
         Reference to the negative;
         Size of the event;
         Reference to the elite.
      - Distorts the ‘true’ picture of crime and criminal justice to the detriment of society
        
        Give impression we live in a riskier and more dangerous time.
        
        Overplays our risk of becoming a victim.
      - Presently, much of the available evidence suggests that
        various types of media and news consumption, such as the frequency of watching television news, listening to the radio, and
        viewing crime-related entertainment programming, significantly
        increases citizens' fear of crime (Chiricos, Eschholz, & Gertz, 1997; Dowler, 2003; Weitzer & Kubrin, 2004)
- - - - In all probability law breaking is a widespread phenomenon, practised by most, if not all, of the population at some times in their lives