Song of Solomon Mind Map

Parent Child Relationships 👥

Heritage and Racism 🌍

Oppression of Women 👩

Greed 💰

Naming/Names 👤

Flight/Escape ✈

Why does Milkman feel distant from his parents? Why does he want to escape ✈ from them?

Even though they out of your control, names influence how others perceive you and can be a basis on which people judge you for.

People and places can be given names by others because of their experiences with them that define their identity.

"They called it Not Doctor Street, and were inclined to call the charity hospital at its northern end No Mercy Hospital since it was 1931 before the first colored expectant mother was allowed to give birth inside its wards and not on its steps.” (4)

“Macon Dead never knew how it came about--how his only son acquired the nickname that stuck in spite of his own refusal to use it or acknowledge it. It was a matter that concerned him a good deal, for the giving of names in his family was always surrounded by what he believed to be monumental foolishness” (15).

"Surely, he thought, he and his sister had some ancestor, some lithe young man with onyx skin and legs as straight as cane stalks, who had a name that was real. A name given to him at birth with love and seriousness. A name that was not a joke, nor a disguise, nor a brand name. But who this lithe young man was, and where his cane-stalk legs carried him from or to, could never be known” (17-18).

Milkman tries to grapple with the identity forced upon him.

“I could use your help, sir. My name is Macon Dead. My
father is from around—”
“Dead? Macon Dead, you say?”
“Yes.” Milkman smiled apologetically for the name. “My
father—”

Milkman's father, Macon Dead is known and generally disliked for taking advantage of people of his own race to further his career (🌍). As a result of his father's reputation and Milkman's shared name, people often place judgement upon him before meeting him.

"'I said get him outta here."
“Come on, Feather, he’s my friend."
“He’s Macon Dead’s boy, ain’t he?"
“So what”
“So get him outta here.”
“He can’t help who his daddy is.” Guitar had his voice
under control.
“Neither can I. Out."" (57). # 👥

"[Macon's] son, to whom he
could speak only if his words held some command or
criticism" (28).

“But right after that moment of relief, she felt hurt because Milkman had not told her himself. Then she realized that he really didn’t tell her anything, and hadn’t for years. Her son had never been a person to her, a separate real person. He had always been a passion. Because she had been so desperate to lie with her husband and have another baby by him, the son she bore was first off a wished-for bond between herself and Macon, something to hold them together and reinstate their sex lives” (131).

To his father Milkman isn't a complete person, 💰 Milkman is only something that can keep Macon Dead's legacy alive. (This is also proved by the passing down of his name 👤)

To his mother, Milkman is not entirely a real person as well. He is the result of her desire to become closer to her husband, but now that her desire has vanished, Milkman's purpose seems unfulfilled and useless to her. 💰

What is keeping Milkman with his parents?

“Yeah, well, everything’s worse than before, or maybe it’s
the same as before. I don’t know. I just know that Iwant to
live my own life. I don’t want to be my old man’s office boy
no more. And as long as I’m in this place Iwill be. Unless I
have my own money. I have to get out of that house and I
don’t want to owe anybody when I go" (222).

Milkman claims that he is trapped at home due to financial reasons and when he leaves he does not want to be in debt to his family, particularly his father.

"He wanted the money—desperately, he believed—
but other than making tracks out of the city, far away from
Not Doctor Street, and Sonny’s Shop, and Mary’s Place,
and Hagar, he could not visualize a life that much different
from the one he had. New people. New places. Command.
That was what he wanted in his life" (180). 💰

"When you slept, we were quiet; when you were
hungry, we cooked; when you wanted to play, we
entertained you; and when you got grown enough to know
the difference between a woman and a two-toned Ford,
everything in this house stopped for you" (215).

Milkman had been spoiled from a young age and this can be traced back to his mother. Ruth wanted to have some source of happiness after her father's death, and after Milkman's birth had no benefit to her relationship with Macon Dead, as a result she babied him. Milkman developed a reliance on Ruth and Macon, trapping himself in their home. 👥

Lena's anger developed from Milkman's (and other men's) constant taking advantage of her and her sister. Milkman doesn't recognize the women in his life as people, and finally, when the last positive outcome of Milkman's overbearing masculinity died, Lena told him the truth. 👩

Is one innocent if they benefit 💰 from the oppression of others?

“Why don’t you just hunt down the ones who did the killing? Why kill innocent people? Why not just those who did it?” (155).

Milkman argues that those who are not committing the crime are innocent, even if they do benefit from racism. A lot of white people are making sacrifices for African Americans so killing at random is dangerous.

"But [the innocent white people] haven’t been able to stop the killing either. They are outraged, but that doesn’t stop it. They might even speak out, but that doesn’t stop it either. They might even inconvenience themselves, but the killing goes on and on. So will we" (155).

Guitar argues back that even if there are some white people standing up for African Americans, that many people have unnatural behaviors and that many people kill for the fun of it. This means they have an ignorance for moral consequences and the only consequences they will obey are direct.

Macon Dead

Macon Dead is willing to sell out his own race for his success.

"Black people were viewed as a contagion. Redlining went beyond FHA--backed loans and spread to the entire mortgage industry, which was already rife with racism, excluding black people from most legitimate means of obtaining a mortgage" (Coates 7).

This is evidence of the racism against African Americans in the housing market 🌍. Macon Dead took advantage of this lucrative system to gain profit. If Macon Dead didn't invent the racist system but is using it for his own good, is he innocent? This creates a negative reputation for him and is forced upon his family 👤 👥.

“you the worst. You need killin, you really need killin.
You knowwhy? Well, I’m gonna tell you why. I know why.
Everybody…” (26).

Porter implies that his hatred for Macon Dead is rooted in the amount of times Macon has taken advantage of him and the African American race to fulfill his own greed. 💰

"the deer, there, dead in the ravine--the bees lathing combs of honey to its larynx, lungs, and breast. This is the idol of idle-- the bees harvesting honey in the good and rotting meat" (Reeves)>

Although racism is plaguing the housing market, Macon Dead creates a positive for himself in this situation by benefiting from the racism 🌍

Spoiled Milkman

“You ever pull fourteen days straight and come home to a sweet woman, clean sheets, and a fifth of Wild Turkey? Eh?” He looked at Milkman. “Did you?” Milkman smiled and said, “No, sir.” “No? Well, don’t look forward to it, cause you not going to have that either" (59).

Milkman's spoiled nature is evident from his early childhood, as his mom 👥 babies him in hopes to create a source of happiness for herself 💰. His spoiled nature is also supported by his reliance on women 👩

Milkman's desire to escape from his family

“Look—she’s flying down.” Milkman felt again his
unrestrained joy at anything that could fly. “Some jive flying,
but look at her strut...“How come it can’t fly no better than a chicken?” Milkman
asked.
“Too much tail. All that jewelry weighs it down. Like
vanity. Can’t nobody fly with all that shit. Wanna fly, you got
to give up the shit that weighs you down” (178-179).

The peacock's inability to fly is due to its vanity and high self esteem. Milkman also has a big ego resulting on his reliance on women 👩 and parents 👥.preventing him from escaping his home.

African legend

"They say the people could fly. Say that long ago in Africa, some of the people knew magic. And they would walk up on the air like climbin up on a gate. And they flew like blackbirds over the fields. Black, shiny wings flappin against the blue up there" (Hamilton 166).

According to African legend, certain African Americans had a magic power that could enable flight and an escape from a place they did not desire to be 🌍. In Song of Solomon Morrison uses the symbol of flight to convey a desire to get away from something.

Milkman's desire to get away from his family 👥 outweighs his respect towards women 👩, specifically Pilate, who is a motherly figure to him. Milkman joins his father's mission to steal gold from Pilate for his own desires.

"It was this woman, whom he would have knocked senseless, who shuffled into the police station and did a little number for the cops—opening herself up wide for their amusement, their pity, their scorn, their mockery, their disbelief, their meanness, their whimsy, their annoyance, their power, their anger, their boredom—whatever would be useful to her and to himself" (210).

Even though Milkman acted out of greed, Pilate's reaction that saved Milkman and herself enforces the role that women had to play in Milkman's life 👩.

Urination

"For more than an hour Porter held them at bay: cowering,
screaming, threatening, urinating, and interspersing all of it
with pleas for a woman" (26).

Porter attempts to escape ✈ from his current situation in life by almost jumping off a building. In this moment he demonstrates men's power over women, and how women's role in life is to serve men.

"I don't make roses anymore, and you have pissed your last in this house" (216).

Fake roses symbolize how Milkman does not view women as real people outside of their service to him. Now that the last benefit of Milkman's masculinity has died, Lena proclaims she is done serving him.

"You think because you hit him once that we all believe you
were protecting her. Taking her side. It’s a lie. You were
taking over, letting us know you had the right to tell her and
all of us what to do" (215-126).

Although sometimes it seems like Milkman is acting for the good of others, because he doesn't see women as real people outside of their service to him, his actions are entirely selfishly motivated 💰.

"“He. That’s a he. The male is the only one got that tail full
of jewelry. Son of a bitch. Look at that.” The peacock
opened its tail wide" (178).

Later Guitar explains that the peacock's feathers are like vanity preventing it from flying ✈. The peacock can serve as a symbol for the oppression of women, as men like Milkman are vain and spoiled, relying on women who cannot afford to be spoiled.

Is it Milkman's fault that he has been brought up spoiled and now relies on women? 🌍

“I will take off from Mercy and fly away on my own wings” (3)

Smith implies that he will escape the racism 🌍 of his society by flying away.

“They seem to be able to live a long time believing, as coastal people do, that they are at the frontier where final exit and total escape are the only journeys left. But those five Great Lakes which the St. Lawrence feeds with memories of the sea are themselves landlocked, in spite of the wandering river that connects them to the Atlantic. Once the people of the lake region discover this, the longing to leave becomes acute, and a break from the area, therefore, is necessarily dream-bitten, but necessary nonetheless. It might be an appetite for other streets, other slants of light. Or a yearning to be surrounded by strangers. It may even be a wish to hear the solid click of a door closing behind their backs” (162)

The coastal people represent Milkman's misunderstandings about how to escape from his current life 👥

"Say the people who could fly kept their power, although they shed their wings. They kept their secret magic in the land of slavery. They looked the same as the other people from Africa who had been coming over. who had dark skin. Say you couldn't tell anymore one who could fly from one who couldn't" (Hamilton 167).

African folklore relates to major themes of flight in Song of Solomon. African Americans in this novel escape from the boundaries set for them by their families and racism by flying way ✈.

"Blacks were herded into the sights of unscrupulous lenders who took them for money and for sport" (Coates 9).

Racism occurring during the time period of "Song of Solomon* included the racist housing system. Macon Dead took advantage of this and profited off of other's misery. 💰

"He had cooperated as a young father with the blind selection of names from the Bible for every child other than the first male" (18).

Macon Dead's selection of names was thoughtless because his children symbolized his relationship with Ruth, something he did not hold in high regard. The only name he did not randomly select from the Bible was Milkman's (Macon Dead). He gives Macon his name because he selfishly wants him to carry on his legacy 💰. Another possibility for his random method of name selection could be from his loving relationship with his own father who also blindly selected his children's names 👥.

Naming someone is a big responsibility, it determines the life of a person. When one takes that responsibility lightly it shows their un-interest in the person's future. #

Allusion and Fairy Tales

  1. Types of evidence
  1. Definitions: folktale: "A story passed on by word of mouth rather than by writing, and thus partly modified by successive re‐tellings before being written down or recorded. The category includes legends, fables, jokes, tall stories, and fairy tales or Märchen. Many folktales involve mythical creatures and magical transformations."
  1. Hypothetical Thesis

Folktale examples: African legend of flying

  1. Definition: romance: "verse or prose that relates improbable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted setting; or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism" (OED)

Milkman desires love from a distance, something that is improbable to find in his life.

Alternate Definitions

Folktale: "A story passed on by word of mouth:

Allusion: "An indirect or passing reference"

Allusions to specific literary works

Allusion: "some poets (notably Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot) allude to areas of quite specialized knowledge. In his poem ‘The Statues’ (1939)—
When Pearse summoned Cuchulain to his side
What stalked through the Post Office?
—W. B. Yeatsalludes both to the hero of Celtic legend (Cuchulain) and to the new historical hero (Patrick Pearse) of the 1916 Easter Rising"

Other Literary Terms

Fairy tale: "[fairy tales] had appeared in early chapbooks and romances"

Allusion: parody, satire

Knowledge, like fairy tales, is passed down by way of words, and can influence one's choices.

How is knowledge passed down and what role does it play in one's life?