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PSYC 314 WEEK 4 (CHANGING ATTITUDES ABT ALCOHOL (Motivational interviewing…

- - - - responses:
        
        i want to change, emotionally influenced into wanting to quite
        
        finding ad too harsh and feeling victimized
      - 80% of smokers/75% of non smokers saw at least one ad over 3 mos.
      - 1.6 mil attempted to quit (more than 200 000 (4x) quit immediately, 100 000(2x) likely to quit permanently (but tobacco sales were not down)
  - - - all parents (w kids under 5) reported seeing campaign
      - 65% more likely to give kids water or milk
      - 45% discussed w kids
- - - - educational appeals -- ppl make change if they have correct info (factors ex. colour of ad, clarity of conclusions, avoidance of extremes,length, jargon)
        
        fear appeals -- fear will produce change ( but don't produce too much
      - message framing -- framing msg as gain vs loss according to outcomes, v effective
        
        loss -- ex. without sunscreen you have increased risk of skin cancer
        
        gain -- ex. use sunscreen to decrease risk of skin cancer
        
        think in terms of promotion/prevention
        
        ex. promotion oriented loss frame -- use sunscreen don't lose out on loving sunlight! prevention oriented gain frame -- prevent skin cancer by using sunscreen! stay safe in the sun and be relaxed. promotion oriented gain frame -- use sunscreen to stay safe and feel safe.
  - - - perceived threat, perceived benefits and barriers = likelihood of performing health behaviour
    - - perceiving physiological risk may be psychologically harmful!
        
        ppl who don't fully accept physio. risk = maybe better mental health = better cope w/ risk
        
        unrealistic optimism in domain of health risk like cancer = may make them seek diagnosis
    - - factors determining intention to perform behav.
        
        attitudes
        
        2. subjective norm (social influence)
        
        models, celebrities
        
        these three = INTENTION TO DO BEHAV. = DOING BEHAV
        
        3. perceived behav. control
        
        self-efficacy (belief that one can control their health/health behav) being able to engage in behav. and follow through!
    - - precontemplaton
        
        contemplation
        
        preparation
        
        action
        
        maintenance
        
        the person's state of change must be acknowledged, design intervention accordingly !
- - - - focus on target heath behav. + underlying cognitions. recognize importance of BELIEFS and COGNITIONS
      - For ex. alcohol:
        
        ID unhelpful/unrealistic thoughts/beliefs that contribute to behav -- i can't relax w/out a drink
        
        ID triggers (internal/external) -- passing by a bar, feeling stress
        
        engage in realistic + helpful thoughts -- i can have fun w/out drinks! i know if i start again i won't stop.
- - - - 10. TOLERANCE -- diminished effect over time, need for greater amounts to have same effect
        11. WITHDRAWAL -- severe symp. when stop using -- nausea, sweating, tremors, insomnia, hallucinations, etc
    - - liver damage
        
        korsakoff's syndrome
        
        cardiovasc problems/cancer, etc
        
        deperession/MDD
- - - - DRASTICALLY decreased alcohol consumption for those w/ skills training compared w/ controls
  - - - perspectives -- it's a cult/AA works!/no experimental evidence of effectiveness of AA. HIGH relapse rates.