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what exactly are children learning when they learn through play? (the…
what exactly are children learning when they learn through play?
learning
Flavell
intentional learning
incidental learning
Sternberg
knowledge acquisition
skills and strategies acquisition
metacomponents higher-order processes
Slyva et al.'s play vs. taught task
developmental significance
sense of control and self-regulation
contribute to development of symbollic representation
Bruner's stages of representation
enactive(action)
iconic (image)
symbolic(language)
Berk et al. private speech
C. Ind. Le Project
natural observaton with quantitative measurement
metacognitive knowledge
metacognive regulation
emotional and motivation regulation
findings
大人的後設知識參與度增加，小孩的後設認知調節和情緒調節減少
大人要讓孩子自己規約
the experimental tasks：與頂尖幼兒說故事
taught:老師和幼兒討論10分鐘但不讓碰道具
Control: 給幼兒看和故事情節有關的圖卡
play: 10 分鐘玩道具
findings:play 的孩子有較多衝突和解決情結，情節較多元有別於原始故事內容，說的較有自信
聚斂性磁鐵遊戲 vs. 開放性擴散遊戲
若教先，怎聚斂較佳。若玩先則擴散較佳
遊戲 help prepare for effortful problem-solving or creative tasks
implicatons of this paper
children could not spontaneously and independently rehearse when it was appropriate to do so