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Concept Map #2: Police (Agencies (The FBI (Investigative agency within the…

- - - - 43 regional authorities
    - - many types of officers and agencies with their own special jurisdictions and responsibilities
    - - powers and duties are limited under the law
  - - - Drew from English experience in England by adopting English officers: Constable, Sheriff, Night Watchman
      - Watch System: practice of assigning individuals to night observation duty to warn the public of fires and crime - started in Boston
      - Slave Patrols: distinctively American form of law enforcement southern states that sought to patrol slaves through groups that stopped and questioned African Americans
    - - Named Political Era due to close ties between Police and local political leaders
      - Officer's took payoffs for not enforcing laws on drinking, gambling, and prostitution
      - NYC established the first police force that was full time and paid
      - Chief appointed by the mayor and city council
        
        Cities were divide into precincts
      - Sheriff: top law enforcement officials in county government - important in the countries westward expansion
      - US Marshals: Federal Law enforcement officials originally appointed to handle duties in Western territories
    - - Influenced by the Progressive movement
        
        Model of professional policing
        
        Laws should be enforced equally
        
        The force should use new technology
        
        Members should be well trained, well disciplined, and tightly organized
        
        Personnel procedures should be based on merit
        
        The force should stay out of politics
        
        The main task of the police should be fighting crime
    - - Keeping order and providing services to the community
        
        Increasing the number of patrol officers in a neighborhood had little effect on the crime rate
        
        Rapid response to calls for service did not greatly increase the arrest rate
        
        Improving the percentage of crimes solved proved to be difficult
- - - - Has the power to investigate all federal crimes not placed under the jurisdiction of other agencies