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life (Biological classification (Molecular Technique allow us to trace…

- - - - Kingdom
        
        Phylum
        
        Class
        
        Order
        
        Family
        
        Genus
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Homologies
        phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry are
      - analogy
        A potential red herring in constructing a phylogeny is similarity due to convergent evolution
        
        homoplasies
        Analogous structures that arose independently are also called
        
        molecular homoplasy.
        These two DNA sequences from organisms that are not closely related coincidentally share a percentage of their bases.
      - sister taxa,
        groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor.
    - - a paraphyletic (“beside the tribe”)
        group, which consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants
      - a polyphyletic (“many tribes”)
        group, which includes taxa with different ancestors
      - monophyletic
        , signifying that it consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants
- - - -  First life: 3.5 billion, perhaps as early as 3.9 billion years ago.
         First oxygen producers: biological origin during photosynthesis. 2.7 to 2.3 billion years ago. Maybe cyanobacteria
    - -  . First eukaryotic organisms: 2.1 billion yrs. Endosymbiotic theory
         . First multicellular organisms.: 1.5 bill. Small red algae. Most diverse 600 million soft-bodied organism
         “Explosive” appearance of most animal phyla.:
        Precambrian explosion: sponges, cnidarians, and molluscs late Proterozoic era. Soft-bodied little evidence of predation, grazers of algae, scavengers not hunters.
    - - Cambrian explosion era 535 to 525. Most of animal phyla appears in fossils. Echinodermata, Annelida, arthropods and Chordata. Predators and prey.
         First land-dwelling animals: plants 500 mill due to development of vascular systems.arthropods 420 mill, tetrapods 365 mill
    - - cone bearing plants( gymnosperms), age of dinosaurs, flower bearing (angio sperms)
    - - Age of mammals
        
         The human lineage diverged from other primates around 6–7 million years ago, and our species originated only about 195,000 years ago.
- - - - origin of self-replicating molecules ,made inheritance possible