Evolution of
Memory Systems

Part I. Foundations of memory
systems

Chapter 1.
The history of memory systems

Prevailing view

❌Historically

memory

habits

declarative

segregation from perception

H.M vs monkeys

Modern view

memory

system

representational systems

perception

motor control

selective
pressures

function

ties together

representational
systems

history

scientific

natural

when and why they came to do so?

why the structures
that compose memory systems
ended up where they are?

How did the prevailing view develop?

is wrong

“medial temporal lobe”

parts

single kind of memory

functioning
cooperatively

questions

what

when

why

7

Reinforcement memory

Navigation memory

Biased-competition memory

Manual-foraging memory

Feature memory

Goal memory

Social–subjective memory

ability to move

early vertebrates

telencephalon

early mammals

neocortex

early primates

manipulate items

anthropoid primates

human

nutrients and dangers

cognitive maps

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items

metrics

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vision and olfaction

predatory foraging

quantity

knowledge

conceptual

categorical

evolution

clade
(monophyletic group)

crown group

stem group

sister group

paraphyletic group

ancestral trait

derived trait

homology

analogy

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evolutionary innovations #

seems like
come in suites

gnathostomes

stem mammals

molars

endothermy

ossicles

hair

why?

extinction of alternative
combinations

exaptation

structures

adopt new functions

Part II.
Architecture of
vertebrate memory

Chapter 3
reinforcement learning mechanisms

Chapter 4
Navigation

Chapter 5

invertebrates

insects

ganglia

diverse forms of reinforcement learning
evolved independently

telencephalon

vision
and olfaction

hippocampus homologue

“cognitive map”

derived functions

endothermic life

nocturnal foraging niche

original
neocortex

include

several agranular
prefrontal areas

top-down biases

Part III.
Primat augmentations

Chapter 6.
manual-foraging memory

visually guided
movement

Chapter 7.
Features

areas

Chapter 8.
Goals

granular prefrontal areas

posterior-parietal

metrics

amounts

temporal

from familiar problems to novel ones

BG

4 cortical areas

stored information

Nonplacental mammals

sparse fossil record

Part IV.
Hominin adaptations

Chapter 10.
one’s self and others

Chapter 11.
Origins of explicit memory

Chapter 9.
relational reasoning
and
general problem solving

voluntary attention

prefrontal

top-down biased

parietal–prefrontal

temporal

relational reasoning

semantic generalizations

distances

visual and acoustic signs

voluntary memory retrieval