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(3) Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Motivation (What is…

- - - - Social-Cognitive
        1980-present
        
        A triangle involving
        person, environment & behaviour
- - - - -VE COMPETENCE
        
        leads to DECREASED motivation
      - +VE COMPETENCE
        
        leads to INCREASED motivation
      - COMPETENCY MOTIVATION THEORY
        Criticisms
        
        assumes mastery perspective to achievement strivings
        
        Children are inaccurate in estimating their comparative ability, the scale may not be sensitive to children's actual perceptions of competence (inaccurate due to lack of knowledge)
        
        Children may demo for the sake of affiliation / social reasons rather than for competency
    - - 2 Conceptions of Competence / Ability
        
        Self-referenced (improvement, task orientation)
        
        Other-referenced (capacity, ego / performance orientation)
        
        Task-involvement
        
        Self-referenced perception of competence
        
        Focus on learning, personal progress
        "How can I best qcquire this skills or master this task?"
        
        Ego-involvement
        
        Other-referenced perception of competence
        
        Focus on outperforming others
        "Am i good enough? Am i better than others?"