Basics

What is consensus

Network assumptions

Decentralized Thoughts

Power of the adversary

Threshold adversary

The trusted setup phase

Lower bounds

Impossible to tolerate > 33% Byzantine faults under partial synchrony

Impossible to tolerate > 33% Byzantine faults when the adversary can simulate

Does Byzantine Agreement need quadratic messages?

State machine replication

Partial synchrony

Blockchains

Setup assumptions in Bitcoin and Ethereum

Checkpointing

Flavors of Broadcast

What is SMR?

Flavors of SMR

Payment channels as an SMR system

Primary-Backup SMR for crash failures

Primary-Backup SMR cannot tolerate >= 50% omission faults

Recent results

How are PBFT, SBFT, and HotStuff related?

Progress in authenticated synchronous BFT

Sync HotStuff: A Simple and Practical SMR Protocol

Proof of Nakamoto Consensus

FLP impossibility for a single crash against asynchrony

t round synchronous consensus lower bound

Bottlenecks for SMR - Data, Consensus, Execution

Selfish mining

Classical Protocols

Dolev-Strong Protocol

Cryptography

Range proofs from polynomial commitments

Private set intersection

Bilinear accumulators

Streamlet: A simple textbook Blockchain protocol

On the optimality of optimistic responsivness

How to timestamp a digital document?