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Demography: Birth Rate (EFFECTS OF DECLINE (ON FAMILY: Dual earner…
Demography: Birth Rate
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TRENDS:
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Baby booms in the 20th cent, the first two came after both world wars as returning service men started families that had been postponed
In the 1960's there was another baby boom after which the birth rate fell shortly in the 1970's due to feminism.
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A decrease in IMR means a decrease in Birth Rate. Harper argues that if a baby dies, parents will have more children to replace the child, but if there is lower infant mortality, parents don't feel the need to have more children as there is nothing to replace
Society is more CHILD CENTERED. This means quality over quantity, parents want to spoil their children with attention and resources.
This means they have become an ECONOMIC LIABILITY. Up until the 1800's, children were an economic asset as they contributed to the household income. Now, child protection laws make it illegal for children to work.
EFFECTS OF DECLINE
ON FAMILY: Dual earner families are a result of smaller families. Richer couples may be able to afford childcare and still both of them go to work
ON THE DEPENDENCY RATIO: Children are dependent, however a fall in children means a lesser burden on the state. However old people are living longer.
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ON POLICY:Fewer schools, housing, maternity clinics etc may be needed, affects the jobs of the people working in those jobs. However these are government choices don’t have to happen