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Natural environment case studies (Eyjafjallajökull- Volcano (ON a…
Natural environment case studies
Bangladesh- flooding
Causes
Deforestation
Urbanisation
Population growth
Growth of informal settlements
Dams
Poorly maintained flood defenses
Poor transport and communication links
Lack of weather warnings
Global warming
The south of the country is very low lying and is basically one big floodplain
70% of Bangladesh is less than 1m above sea level.
Snow melt
monsoon season
Cyclones
10% of Bangladesh is covered in lakes and rivers.
The effects
Over 57% of Bangladesh's land surface was flooded.
Over 1,300 people were killed.
7 million homes were destroyed; making 25 million homeless.
2 million tonnes of rice lost.
0.5 million cattle and poultry lost.
Total costs estimated at about $1 billion.
Gold Coast- coastal management
Strategies used
Tweed Bay
Effects
Haiti- Earthquake
occurred on 12th January 2010
Shares an island with the Dominican Republic
lies on a conservative plate boundary- transform, boundaries slide along each other ( Caribbean and North American Plates)
Haiti's population : 10 million
pop below poverty line: 58.5%
Effects Of EarthQuake:
Political
ST
10,000 US troops
public criticism
relocated poverty
60 % of gov buildings destroyed
LT
Judicial system disarrayed, 2 weeks till judges were available
unstable gov
Environmental
Secondary effects of earthquake, water displaced + 3, 2m Tsunami's
prevalence of diseases due to large number of bodies
Social
ST
transportation inks badly damaged
2,20,000 deaths
1.3 million homeless
power outages + communication links
300,000 injured
problem with looting
main industries such as
LT
phycological trauma of event
40.6% unemployed
Eyjafjallajökull- Volcano
ON a divergent (constructive) plate boundary - the North American and Eurasian plates.
It's around 40Km^2
The summit elevation is 1,666m (5,465 feet)
Between March 3-5th, 2010, almost 3,000 earthquakes recorded.
It entered a new phase of eruption on 14 April.
Economic
20 countries closed their airspace for around 6-8 days.
Airlines lost around $200 million
Kenya lost $3.5 million a day, as 20% of Kenya's economy is based on the exports of green vegetables and flowers to Europe.
After the eruption, volcanic tourism developed.
Social
The eruption melted some of 150m thick ice-caps, causing floods.
Ash clouds were created
500 farmers and their families were evacuated
People were told to stay indoors because of the high sulphur dioxide levels and ash.
Ash contaminated local water supplies.
lahars and flooding resulted in 700 people being evacuated.
10 million airline passengers were affected. An 8-day travel ban cancelled 107, 000 flights, leaving passengers stranded.
Political
EU ministers worked together
Environmental
0.15 million tonnes of carbon dioxide was released back into the atmosphere per day.
Flouride from the ash contaminated water supplies.
Phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean bloomed as they fed on the iron in the ash, which boosted marine ecosystem.
Flooding was caused in Iceland.
Mojave desert
How deserts are formed:
Haley cell
Less dense air sinks rises above the equator due to ___ creating more storms to occur
As more the air is pushed to the north and south by wind currents they lose their moisture and
Adaptations of Animals:
e.g little mice thingy
Borneo- Rainforest