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9.2 notes (Orbits (Orbit shapes (Orbits are elliptical in shape. Ellipses…
9.2 notes
Orbits
Orbits are caused when a planet's, moon's or
star's gravitational field is strong enough to
attract another mass so they continuously
travel around the object; an orbit.
e.g - Our Solar System,
the Sun's gravitational field has 'trapped'
the planets orbiting around it.
Likewise, planets like Earth and Jupiter
have a moon/s, and Saturn has a ring
of rock fragments, ice and dust around it.
Objects like these that are in an orbit are called 'satellites'. The planets that orbit the Sun and the moon/s that orbit planets are all natural satellites. The Earth has many artificial satellites as well, that help with the internet and checking for erosion and bushfires.
Orbit shapes
Orbits are elliptical in shape. Ellipses are oval shaped closed loops, but some can be almost circular.
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The effect of Mass
Gravity is a force caused by mass.
The bigger the mass, the bigger
the gravitational force around the object.
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Solar Eclipses
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks sunlight from hitting the Earth. This casts a shadow on the Earth.
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Eclipses
When at times the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Earth or when the Moon blocks sunlight from reaching the Earth (when all 3 bodies align), an eclipse occurs.
Lunar Eclipses
A lunar eclipse is when the
Earth blocks the sunlight
from reaching the moon. As it moves through the penumbra to the umbra, the lunar eclipse goes from partial to total, then back to partial, then back to the sunlight.
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Tides
The Moon, being the closest big mass to the Earth, its gravitational field draws the water towards it, causing a bulge in the side of the Earth that faces the moon.
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The Sun also draws water towards it,
changing the size of this bulge as it
moves across the Earth's surface.
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