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models to explain learning (classical conditioning (other important terms,…
models to explain learning
classical conditioning
unconditioned response
the response that occurs automatically as a result of the UCS
conditioned stimulus
The stimulus that is a neutral stimulus at the start of the conditioning process that eventually becomes associated with the UCS and elicits a CR
unconditioned stimulus
at the before conditioning stage a stimulus that produces a response
conditioned response
the learned response to the CS
neutral stimulus
before conditioning this is the stimulus that will be paired with the unconditioned stimulus to produce the response, currently as a neutral stimulus it does not produce a response
other important terms
stimulus descrimination
the ability to distinguish between different stimuli
extinction
the gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a response occurs over time when the UCS is not present
stimulus generalisation
the tendency for similar stimuli to produce the same response
spontaneous recovery
the reappearance of a CR following a rest period after apparent extinction
A type of learning which occurs through repeated association of two or more different stimuli results in an involuntary reaction
little Albert experiment
ethical implications
informed consent lasting harm withdrawal rights debrief pre testing suitability and beneficence, are among the ethical considerations that are not followed in this experiment
process
creating a classically conditioned fear response to a rabbit in a young child
social learning
reproduction
one must be capable of reproducing the modelled behaviour
motivation
one must want to reproduce the modelled behaviour
retention
the ability to remember the model's behaviour
reenforcement
influence motivation to perform the observed behaviour
attention
learner must pay attention to the model this is more likely to happen if the model is perceived positively is familiar to and has similarities to the observer
also called observational learning, when someone uses observation of a model's actions and the consequences of those actions to guide their future actions
operant conditioning
behaviour
voluntary action that occurs in the presence of an antecedent
consequence
the event that occurs immediately after the relevant behaviour and determines whether or not that behaviour will occur again
Antecedent
A stimulus that precedes a specific behaviour and signals a probable consequence
A type of learning for which the consequences of a behaviour determine the likelihood that it will be performed again
reinforcement
negative punishment
The removal of a desirable stimulus decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour occurring again
positive reinforcement
The presence of a satisfying consequence following a desired response and thereby strengthening that response
positive punishment
the presentation of an unplesant stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour occurring again
negative reinforcement
the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus thereby strengthening a response