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Respiration and Breathing System (Aerobic Respiration (Living things need…
Respiration and Breathing System
Respiration
The release of energy from food
Aerobic Respiration
Living things need energy to
Move
Grow
Stay warm
Repair damaged parts
They get energy from food in a process called respiration
The majority of living things need oxygen for respiration. This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration
Needs oxygen to release energy rom food
To allow this to take place all cells need a supply of glucose and oxygen.
Glucose is carried by the blood from the small intestine to all the cells in the body.
Oxygen is carried by blood from the lungs to all the cells in the body
In all living cells glucose combines with oxygen to release energy and the waste products carbon dioxide and water vapour
Some of the energy is used by the cells while some is lost as heat
The waste products are carried by the blood to the lungs from where they pass out of the body
Also takes place in most animal and plant cells
Glucose + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water vapour
Respiration and Breathing
Respiration
It occurs in all living cells and requires oxygen while it produces carbon dioxide and water
Respiration is a chemical process which releases energy from glucose.
Breathing
Breathing is the way in which animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide and water
Breathing takes place using the breathing system
The breathing system
Carbon dioxide and water vapour are produced by respiration in each body cell. They enter the bloodstream and are carried by the blood to his lungs
Carbon dioxide and water vapour pass from the blood into the lungs and are then breathed out
Parts of the breathing system
Nose
Moistens, cleans and tests the air taken in
Epiglottis
Stops food from going down the lungs
Trachea (windpipe)
Tube by which air is moved into and out of the lungs
Rings of cartilage
Keep the trachea permanently open
Bronchus
Carries air from the trachea to and from the lungs
Bronchiole
Narrow tubes through which gases diffuse to and from the alveoli
Alveoli (air sacs)
Tiny air sacs through which gas exchange takes place via the blood capillaries
The large number ensures that there is a large surface area for gas exchange
Diaphragm
A strip of muscle that forces the air to move into and out of the lungs
The Effects of Smoking
Smoke clogs up the tiny hairs in the nose. This allows more dirt particles to enter the lungs.
Smoke irritates the nose and bronchioles. This causes increased mucous to form which leads to smokers cough
Smoking result in increased lung infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
Smoking increases the rick of getting lung cancer and other cancers