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L10 Preventing & Managing Disease & Promoting Health &…
L10 Preventing & Managing Disease & Promoting Health & Screening
Lvls of Prevention
Primordial
targets soc & econ policies effecting health
Eg. Aus Dietary Guidelines, policy&programs for healthy eating & good nutrition in schools
Primary
targets risk factors leading to injury/disease
eg. safety belt laws, vaccinations
pop-based breast cancer screening
Secondary
prevents injury/disease once exposure to risk factor occurs, but still in early "preclinical stage"
Tertiary
Rehabilitating persons w/ injury/disease to reduce complications
eg. vocational rehab to restrain workers after injury
Risks
Risk perception: Percieved & actual
voluntary/imposed
controllable/no control
natural/man made
catastrophic/chronic
dreaded/not dreaded
familiar/unfam
awareness/not aware
affects adults vs children
Leading risk factors in Aus & conditions/diseases connected
Behavioural
tobacco smoking: lung cancer, COPD
excessive alcohol consumption: stroke,
inadequate fruit&vege consumption
insufficient phys act. : heart disease
Biomedical
Overweight & obese: Type 2 diabetes
High Bld pressure: stroke
Abnormal blood lipids (dyslipidaemia): ischaemic heart disease
Impaired fasting glucose
Modifiable
Health behaviours
psychological factors
biomedical factors
Non-Modifiable
Broad features of society: culture
environm factors: geographical loc
Socioeconomic characs: Ed, work
Knowledge, attitudes & beliefs: health literacy
what stops ppl from taking action:
Behaviours
Emotions
Situations
Thinking
Models used to understand & bring about health behaviour change
Health Belief Model
Individual Perceptions: perceived susceptibility/seriousness of disease
Modifying factors:
Likelihood of Action
Transtheoretical [States of Change] Model
Pre-contemplation: raise patient's awareness
Contemplation: address ambivalence
Prep/Determination: support their motivation for change
Action: help patient implement a change strat
Maintenance: help p identify th possibility of relapse
Relapse/Lapse: help to renew the stage of change, w/o becoming stuck of demoralised bc of relapse
Motivational interviewing
3 critical comps of motivation
importance of change for the patient (willingness)
Confidence to change (ability)
whether change is an immediate priority (readiness)
Ambivalence & Resistance