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3.2 The Internet (3.2.1 Overview of the Internet (• The Internet is a…

- - - - • Both public and private organizations own
        networks on the Internet.
        – Each organization is responsible only for
        maintaining its own network.
        – No single person, company, institution, or
        government agency controls or owns the Internet.
        – World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an
        international community that work together to
        develop standards and guidelines for the Internet.
        
        equipment.
        • Network Service Providers (NSPs)
        – Maintain the Internet backbone—the main highspeed
        routes
        • Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
        – Provide Internet access to homes and businesses
        
        The Internet: Advantages
        • Makes communication become cheaper, quicker,
        and more efficient using email, instant
        messaging, video conference, social networking
        websites and various mobile applications.
        • Provide abundant information on all aspects of
        life which can be find easily using search engines.
        • Provide free entertainment such as online games
        and movies.
        
        The Internet: Disadvantages
        • Expose people to risk of information theft
        when they use Internet applications such as
        email, online banking or facebook.
        • Expose users’s computers to malware threats
        such virus virus, worm, or trojan horse which
        can easily infect computers through the
        Internet.
  - - - • Intranet applications include phone
        directories, email address, event calendars,
        procedure manuals, employee benefit
        information, and internal job postings.
        • Example of intranet:
        – KMK Intranet – provides email, Student
        information system, Web server, printer server,
        and access to the Internet.
  - - - • Example of extranet:
        – Package shipping company that allow their
        customers to access their intranet to print
        shipment bills, schedule pick-ups, and even track
        shipped packages.
- - - - Responsibilities of ISP
        •Provide and maintain a connection to the
        Internet
        •Provide hardware and software support to
        the connection
        •Protect against external threats such as
        viruses, hackers and other illegal activities
        •Provide 24-hour customer service and
        technical support
        
        Examples of the ISP in Malaysia
        •TMNet
        •MAXIS
        •Celcom
        •DiGi
        •YTL
        •Packet One
  - - - IP Address
        •IP address is a unique number used to locate and identify a computer or device on a network
        .
        •This unique number will be assigned to each
        and every computer or devices connected to a
        network
        .
        •IP address is used as an address to send data
        and information to a specific computer or device on the
        Internet.
        
        Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
        
        –The most widely used version of IP address.
        –IPv4 uses a 32
        -bit address scheme allowing for a
        total of 232addresses
        .
        
        Structure of IPv4 Address
        •Each IPv4 address is made up of four groups of
        numbers, that range from 0 to 255, separated
        by a period.
        •Examples of IPv4 addresses:
        –10.20.20.16
        –172.16.200.99
        
        –The network part (first three numbers) identifies
        the network.
        
        –The machine part (last number) identifies the
        specific computer
        
        Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
        
        –The new version of IP address which has more
        capabilities than IPv4 in providing more IP addresses.
        –IPv6 uses a 128
        -bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2128
        addresses.
        
        •The Internet has experienced a phenomenal
        increase of devices accessing the Internet.
        •Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are
        running out.
        •The solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this
        increased demand by providing a much larger
        address space, along with improved traffic
        routing and better security
        .
        
        •Larger IP address space
        -provide enough address space for many decades to come
        •Better security
        •Better support for real time
        •Includes Plug and play
        •Better optimization
        
        Structure of IPv6 Address
        •Each IPv6 address isrepresented as eight
        groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated
        by colons (:)
        •Examples of IPV6 address (full notation):
        –2001:0db8:00a7:8ac4:0234:7bff:fe19:223c
        –2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0001
        •Example of IPV6 address (compressed format):
        –2001:db8:a0b:12f0::1
      - Domain Name
        
        Domain Name
        •A domain name is the text version of an IP
        address.
        •Examples:
        –www.google.com
        –www.kmk.matrik.edu.my
        
        •Every domain name contains a top
        -level domain (TLD), which is the last section of the
        domain name.
        –www.kmk.matrik.edu.my
        –www.google.com
        –www.abim.org
        –www.bankislam.biz
        –www.speedtest.net
        
        Generic TLD (gTLD)
        
        A generic TLD identifies the type of
        organization associated with the domain.
        
        Country Code TLD (ccTLD)
        
        Country Code TLD identifies the country of
        origin associated with the domain
- - - - Web Page and Web Site
        •Web page refers to an electronic document on
        the Web which can contain text, graphics,
        animation, audio, and video.
        •Web site is a collection of related Web pages
        and associated items such as documents and
        pictures, stored on a Web server.
        
        Web Server and DNS Server
        •Web server is a computer that stores Web
        pages and delivers requested Web pages to
        user’s computer.
        •DNS server is a computer that translates the
        domain name to its associated IP address.
        
        Web Browser
        
        •Web browser is an application software that
        allows users to access and view Web pages.
        •When a user click or start a Web browser it
        will display the first page of a Website called
        home page.
        •Home page setting can be changed using the
        Web browser.
        
        Web Browser
        •Examples of Web browser:
        –Google Chrome
        –Mozilla Firefox
        –Internet Explorer
        –Opera
        –Safari
        
        How a Web Browser Displays a Home Page
        1.User clicks Web browser icon.
        2.Web browser looks up for its home page setting.
        3.Web browser communicates with DNS server,
        which translates the domain name of home
        page to IP address and then sends IP address to
        user’s computer.
        4.Web browser uses the IP address to request the
        home page from the Web server associated with
        the home page.
        5.The web server sends the home page to Web
        browser, which then displays it on the
        screen.
        
        1 more item...
  - - - •Search tool is a program available on the
        Internet to help you find information among
        the millions of documents on the Web.
        •People use search tools to search for specific
        information on the Web
        
        Search Engine
        
        •Search engine is a search tool that finds Web
        sites, Web pages, images, and other
        information related to a specific topic.
        •User can find Web page or information by
        typing a word or phrase, called search text, in
        the text box
        provided.
        •Used in locating information for which you do
        not know an exact Web address or are not
        seeking a particular Web
        site.
        
        Subject Directory
        
        •Subject directory is a search tool that classifies
        Web pages in an organized set of categories
        and subcategories.
        •User can locate Web page or information by
        clicking the links through different levels,
        moving from the general to the
        specific.
- - - - Dial-up
        
        • A slow-speed Internet connection that provides
        Internet access by using a standard telephone
        line and dial-up modem.
        • Characteristics of dial-up connection:
        – Slow-speed connection
        – Low data transfer rate
        – Temporary connection
        – Lower cost
        • Example:
        – Dial-up provided by TMNet
      - Broadband
        
        • Broadband connection refers to any type of
        high-speed Internet connection that involve
        the use of high-speed transmission media and
        communication device to transmit data.
        • Characteristics of broadband connection:
        – High-speed connection
        – Fast data transfer rate
        – Permanent, direct or always-on connection
        – Higher cost compared to dial-up
        
        Fixed Wireless
        
        •A high
        -speed Internet connection that
        provides internet access
        by using a dish
        -shaped antenna on a building which
        communicate with a tower location via radio
        signals •It is a fixed one-to-one connection between
        the premis and the
        provider.
        •Examples: –Internet connections established at hospitals, fuel
        station, or shopping complex buildings.
        
        Cellular Radio Network
        
        •A high
        -speed Internet connection that
        provides
        internet access using cellular radio
        signals and wireless
        device/modem.
        •Provided by cellular network companies to
        devices with built-in wireless modem/adapter
        such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops.
        •Examples:
        –Celcom FIRST
        , DiGi Postpaid, MaxisONE, Umobile
        Hero Postpaid, TMgo
        
        Fiber to the premises (FTTP)
        
        •A high-speed Internet connection that
        provides internet access by using
        fiber
        -optic cableand fiber modem.
        •Install fiber optic cable directly from ISP to
        residence or business buildings.
        •Available in limited areas.
        •Fast but expensive.
        
        FTTH (Fiber to the Home)
        –home users
        
        FTTB (Fiber to the Building)
        –business users
        
        Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
        
        •A high
        -speed Internet connection that
        provides
        internet access using broadcast radio
        signals, wireless device/modem, and wireless
        access point
        •Provided by an organization to devices with built-
        in wireless modem/adapter such as
        smart phones, tablets, and laptops through
        wireless access point
        .
        
        Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
        
        •A high-speed Internet connection that
        provides internet access by using
        standard telephone line and DSL modem
        .
        •Examples:
        –Maxis Wired, TM Broadband(Streamyx), TIME
        Broadband
        
        Satellite Internet Service
        
        •A high
        -speed Internet connection that
        provides internet access by using satellite dish that
        communicate with a satellite modem via
        microwave.
        •Examples:
        –TIME Satellite Broadband
        –Sabah.Net IP STAR Satellite Broadband
        –H-Vision IPSTAR Satellite Broadband
        
        Cable Internet Service
        
        •A high-speed Internet connection that provides
        internet access using TV cable
        (provided by cable television network) and
        cable modem.
- - - - hypertext
        
        •Refers to text which contains link to other text.
        •Mostly used in text -based Web page such as Wikipedia.
      - hypermedia
        
        •Refers to text or image that
        contains link not only to text, but also to other forms of media
        such as graphic, audio and video.
        •Combines text
        -based links with graphics,
        audio, and video links.