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Consequences of variations in food consumption patterns (Inadequate…
Consequences of variations in food consumption patterns
Inadequate
Social
Malnutrition
when the body does not receive enough nutrition to develop healthily, this can result in death or long-term development issues
Malnutrition is the underlying cause of child deaths associated with
diseases like diarrohea and pneumonia
in
2009
, according to
WHO
Every year,
5 million children
under 5 die in
LDCs
Can also affect elderly people who eat too little because they find it hard to chew and digest food in DCs
Research by the
Louisiana State University
in
2006
showed that
thousands
of elderly people in the
USA
die each year.
Calcium + Vitamin D
National Osteoporosis Society
(NOS) estimated in
2006
that in the
UK
there were
3 million people
suffering from osteoporosis
US$3.7 billion
was spent for patients to treat hip fractures
Caused by insufficient consumption of
green leafy vegetables
and
dairy products
Loss of work days and productivity
LDCs are more affected than DCs.
According to
FAO
,
75%
of people in the
Democratic Republic of Congo
suffer from malnutrition
Vitamin A
Caused by insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables
Maintains good eyesight and keeps immune system healthy
WHO
estimates that
250,000 to 500,000
children become blind every year in LDCs due to
Vitamin A deficiency
According to
WHO
, in
2009
,for children deaths in
LDCs
under
5
44.8
percent of children deaths caused by
measles
60.7
% of deaths caused by
diarrhoea
Loss of educational opportunities
as health issues prevent children from attending school. As a result, they have
lower earning power
in the future
Starvation
More common in LDCs because of
rampant poverty
, lack of resources to recover from natural disasters and
political instability
In
2012
,
5 million people
faced starvation in
Mali
because crops failed and there was a civil rebellion in that year
More extreme form of malnutrition as body becomes
skeletally thin
and organs are
permanently damaged
In
2010
,
FAO
estimates that
98%
of people facing starvation can be found in
LDCs
Scavenging
Carries health risks as scavenged food may contain
high levels of bacteria or chemicals
, such as heavy metals
mercury
and
lead
People may
trespass on private property
in search of food and
find themselves in illegal situations
Perceived as public nuisance
and may be
verbally or physically harassed
Economical :moneybag:
Lower productivity
Workers and schoolchildren
fall sick more often
because of malnutrition
For workers :male-factory-worker:,
productivity is lowered, which then leads to lower income because of the inability to perform
For students :male-student:
this leads to
loss of school days
and
loss of educational opportunities
A report by the
International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI) in
2011
found significant links between nutrition and productivity, in countries like
India
and
Ethiopia
Long-term debt for aid
Food and financial aid given to help them supply citizens with food.
Long-term debt problems for the receiving country
Eg. The
Human Development Report
in
2005
,
2006
,
2009
showed that food aid from other countries is
34%
more expensive than local produce
More financial resources spent on healthcare
Increased demand for health services causes an increase in
public service health expenditures
.
Overall cost
of healthcare increases
Limited financial resources
diverted from other areas such as
education
and
agriculture
,
slowing down countries economic growth
Political
Social Unrest
People protest or act violently to communicate unhappiness about a certain situation
In
2010
, price of wheat in
Mozambique
increased by
30%
due to a
drought in Russia
that decreased wheat production
Violent protests in
Mozambique, Russia
in
2010
left
400
people injured and
10
people dead
Excess
Social
Obesity
Obesity leads to health problems such as
high blood pressure
or
diabetes
More common in DCs than LDCs due to
higher disposable income
and
stronger purchasing power
, leading to
higher calorie intake
From
1971 to 2000
, USA obesity rates increased from
14.5%
to
30.9%
of the population
Caused by excessive consumption of
fast food
and
sweetened drinks
Food Wastage
DC food wastage
is
222 million tonnes
, slightly lesser than the food consumed in
Sub-Saharan Africa
yearly,
230 million tonnes
More apparent in DCs, where
amount of wasted food is 95 to 115 kilograms per capita
, as with LDCs, where
amount of wasted food per capita is 6 to 11 kg
Contributes to additional waste
that must be managed, placing
more strain on landfills
Resources such as
water
and
oil
used to produce the food are wasted
Dieting :check:
Provides employment and value to economy
In
2012
,
USA weight loss industry
valued at
$20 billion
Medical procedures, medication and diet books contributes to the industry and creates jobs in the health sector
May lead to
depression
and illnesses such as
iron-deficiency anaemia
Economic :moneybag:
Lower Productivity
Research carried out on the employees of
Duke University, USA
found that
those with a BMI exceeding 40
were
twice
as likely to fall sick or be injured while working
Higher compensation claims
paid to them by the university
Health impacts of obesity result in more days lost to sick leave and thus lower productivity, leading to lower income.
Even if employee is present, poor health may make them less productive
Children fall sick more often, leading to loss of school days and loss of educational opportunities
More financial resources spent on healthcare
Increased demand for health services causes an increase in
public service health expenditures
.
Overall cost
of healthcare increases
Limited financial resources
diverted from other areas such as
education
and
agriculture
,
slowing down countries economic growth