Person-Centred Therapy

Background

Non-directive Counseling

Humanistic Psychology

1940 by Carl Rogers

Innate purity

favourable external environment

Unconditional regards

Cultivate client's strengths

Allowed to express themselves

positive outlook

Human-beings are rational, independent and responsible for themselves

Everyone can solve their own problems

growth impulse ➡self actualization

Self Concept

behaviors are based on self concepts

Real self/ underlying organismic self

Self concept

the present self

continuous comment on self

formed by self experiences

constructed by significant others

Conditions of worth

influence our self regard

may internalize the conditions of worth ➡ losing of real self

Ideal self

Self valuing process

real self ➡self actualization (ideal self)

condition of worth ➡self concept (internalized others' expectations, losing of real self) ➡self oppression

Problem

when self concept and experiences are incongruent

real self and condition of worth are incongruent

dysfunction of defence mechanism

Therapeutic relationship

Congruence

unconditional positive regard

empathy

favourable conditions

psycho-connection between worker and client

when client is hopeless, anxious and confusing

worker in the relationship is congruence

worker has unconditional respect and regard towards client

worker has empathy towards client and view from his/her perspectives

client could feel the worker's congruence, respect and empathy

Genuineness

wont hide the true self from the client

congruence in & out

help client to relieve from self defence and mask, face themselves

Empathy

attitude instead of skill

neglect the frame of reference and use PISC

help client to develop self-awareness via empathy

4 steps(林孟平, 2008)

Give up the frame of reference

observe, listen and identify

PISC

deliver the experienced feelings to the client (empathetic response)

Unconditional positive regard/ respect

Prizing

non-stop caring and warmth

Non-possessive

wrong=/= they dont deserve care/dignity

respect the self, not the behavior

everyone is unique and valued

Roles of therapist

client takes the initiative

emphasise the self concept, and the interaction with the external env

caring and warm attitude

understand the client's feeling and perspectives

use an appropriate communication to the client

as a mirror

companion of the client & person

Therapy Aims

help client to be a fully functioning person (congruence)

concrete ideas of self

self-confident, has the ability to make self determination

accept him/herself

positive comments on self (self regard)

less oppression on the past experiences

mature behavior

stress is no longer a big deal

higher acceptance on self

higher acceptance on others

Case Analyze

identified problems

analysis

conditions of worth

real self

internal needs

strengths

others

empathy+ genuineness+ unconditioned acceptance➡ let client to understand their feelings and needs ➡ being able to express themselves and reach the congruence ➡ reconstructed self value and fully function person