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CHAPTER 5
Empire Building in North Africa, West Asia, and the…
CHAPTER 5
Empire Building in North Africa, West Asia, and the Mediterranean
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Key Terms:
Empire -an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress
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Hegemony-leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
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Mediterranean
Knossos-Knossos is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and has been called Europe's oldest city.
Mycenaeans-relating to or denoting a late Bronze Age civilization in Greece represented by finds at Mycenae and other ancient cities of Peloponnesus
Polis-an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress
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Athens-Capital of Greece in east-central Greece on the plain of Attica, overlooking an arm of the Mediterranean Sea. Named after its patron goddess, Athena, Athens is Greece's largest city and its cultural, administrative, and economic center.
Sparta-an ancient city in S Greece: the capital of Laconia and the chief city of the Peloponnesus, at one time the dominant city of Greece: famous for strict discipline and training of soldiers.
Democracy-a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Solon-Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens.
Cleisthenes- statesman regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy, serving as chief archon (highest magistrate) of Athens (525–524). Cleisthenes successfully allied himself with the popular Assembly against the nobles (508) and imposed democratic reform. Perhaps his most important innovation was the basing of individual political responsibility on citizenship of a place rather than on membership in a clan.
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Peloponnesian War-a war between Athens and Sparta, 431–404 b.c., that resulted in the transfer of hegemony in Greece from Athens to Sparta.
Alexander the Great- ruler of Greece in the fourth century b.c. As a general, he conquered most of the ancient world, extending the civilization of Greece east to India. Alexander is said to have wept because there were no worlds left to conquer.
Hellenistic-relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centering on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey.
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The Persian Empire
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Cyaxares of media conquered, and sealed alliances other regions and began a balance of power
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Imperial Policies
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Cyrus II
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Cyrus II created his empire while still letting local rulers rule so long as they worked under the Persians.
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Darius I
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Four capital cities were built, one called Parsa (later Perseopolis)
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The Greek City States
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The Peloponnesian War
Athens conquered Melians after they refused to fight and left men dead and women and children into slavery.
Sparta defeated Athens, and Thebes & Corinth rise to power.
Sparta tried to destroy Athens's power in order to avoid them taking over Spartan control of the alliance system.
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