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Factors affecting enzyme action (TEMPERATURE (optimum temperature reacted,…
Factors affecting enzyme action
TEMPERATURE
optimum temperature reacted
35-40
increase temperature = increase kinetic energy and collisions
higher temperature = more kinetic energy= increased vibrations = breaks hydrogen bonds affecting enzyme structure
low temperature = enzyme inactive
change in structure= enzyme denatured
pH
high pH= excess OH- ions = attract to positive charges and neutralises them
the acidity/alkalinity will disrupt the charges in the active site and so the hydrogen and ionic bonding can take place.
optimum pH= active site is robust
pH buffers
chemicals that bond to and neutralise the effects of the H+ ions or the OH- ions of an acid or alkali
can be used to help the action if enzymes
low pH= excess H+ ions = attract to negative charge and neutralises them
SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION
low concentration = few substrate molecules for collisions
substrate concentration = limiting factor
increasing concentration = increased likelihood for collisions and more active sites filled
saturated enzyme = sufficient substrate that all active sites filled