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Blood (Persons blood type (A+ (Antigen( A, RH) (Atibodies( B ) (Can give…

- - - - Atibodies( B )
        
        Can give blood to someone( A+, AB+ )
        
        Can receive blood from ( A+, A-, O-, O+)
  - - - Antibodies ( B, RH )
        
        Can give blood to someone ( A-, AB+, AB-, A+)
        
        Can receive blood from ( A-, O- )
  - - - Antibodies( A )
        
        Can give blood to someone( B+, AB+)
        
        Can receive blood from( B+, B-, O-, O+}
  - - - Antibodies( A, RH)
        
        Can give blood to ( B-, AB+, AB-, B+)
        
        Can receive blood from( B-, O-)
  - - - Antibodies( NONE)
        
        Can give blood to AB+)
        
        Can receive blood from Everyone UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT!
  - - - Antibodies ( RH)
        
        Can give blood to ( AB-,AB+)
        
        Can receive blood from AB-, O-, B-, A- )
  - - - Antibodies ( AB)
        
        Can give blood to ( A+, B+, AB+, O+)
        
        Can receive blood from ( O+, O-)
  - - - Antibodies( A,B,RH)
        
        Can give blood to ( Everyone ) UNIVERSAL DONOR !
        
        Can receive blood from O- only
- - - - they develop in different kind of cells
        
        Myeloid stem cell
        
        all formed elements except lymphocyte
        
        Neutrophil Granular
        
        60-70% up to five lobes
        
        Basophil Granular
        
        0,3-1%, bilobe, violet purple
        
        Eosinophil Granular
        
        redish or pink orange bilobed
        
        1-3% of the total leukocytes
        
        Monocyte Agranular
        
        3-9% typically bigger kidney shaped
        
        Lymphoid stem cell, 25-30 % of total leukocytes
        
        Lymphocytes
        
        B Lymphocyte
        
        T Lymphocyte
        
        Natural killer cell
  - - - Begins with myeloid process
        
        red bone marrow
  - - - Only Lymphocyte derived from lymphoid stem cell
        
        to make white blood cells
        
        Never let monkeys eat bananas( relative abundance) mnemonic
  - - - from myeloid stem cell is commited to a cell called megakaryoblast
        
        Magakarioblast matures into a megakaryocyte
        
        Megakaryocyte makes platelets
  - - - blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape
        
        few minutes to many minutes
    - - Platelet arrive at site of injury and stick to expose collagen fibers
        
        platelets undergo a morphologic change and become activated
        
        this follows a a process that result in different chemicals
        
        results in closing off the injury
    - - coagulation cascade converts inactive proteins to active forms, which ultimately forms fibrin strands of a blood type
        
        requires numerous substances , including calcium, clotting factors , platelets and vitamin K
- - - - kidney detects decrease of o2
        
        kidney cells release EPO into blood
        
        EPO stimulates bone marrow to increase the erythrocyte production
        
        blood 02 levels increase
        
        inhibition of EPO, negative feedback
  - - - Each containing a heme group that hold a iron in its center
        
        each hemoglobin can attach up to 4 oxygen molecules
  - - - broken down into amino acids
        
        most are used by the body for protein synthesis
        
        make erythrocytes and other proteins
    - - removed and transported by transferrin
        
        move to the liver or spleen where iron bound to storage proteins called ferritin
        
        iron is stored when needed its transported by transferrin to red bone marrow as needed
    - - Heme minus the iron is converted into biliverdin green
        
        its then converted in to a yellow pigment called bilirubin
        
        its then transported to liver by albumin, then released as bile into small intestine
        
        Bilirubin is converted tto unrobilinogen
        
        some continues to large intestine converted into stercobillin and expelled in feces
        
        some could urobilinogen can be absorbed back into the blood and converted into Urobilin to excrete in urine
  - - - shape of biconcave shape
        
        allows for then to stack and line up in single file
        
        termed rouleau
- - - - centrifuge to separate from formed elements
  - - - lower layer
        
        makes up 44% of blood sample
        
        4.2-6.2 million per cubic mm
    - - makes up the middle layer
        
        forms less than 1% of blood sample
        
        platelets
        
        for clotting
        
        150-400 thousand per cubic mm
        
        Leukocytes
        
        white blood cells
        
        4.5-11 thousand per cubic mm
  - - - smallest and most abundant
        
        makes up 58% of plasma proteins
        
        function is to exert the greatest colloid osmotic pressure to remain blood volume and pressure
    - - second smallest
        
        forming about 37% of plasma proteins
        
        alpha- globulin
        
        larger than beta
        
        bind and transport certain water soluble proteins
        
        Beta-globulin
        
        smaller than alpha
        
        same as above
        
        Gamma globulins
        
        immunoglobulins, body's defences
    - - very small class of proteins
        
        1% includes enzymes and accelerate chemical reactions in the blood