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Chapter 5-6: 17th century Europe (Dutch republic (Dutch Golden Age: (Art…
Chapter 5-6: 17th century Europe
I.D Terms
England
English Monarchy
James I
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
James II
English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
English Bill Of Rights
Dutch Republic
Dutch Golden Age
Dutch East India Company
Artists
Rembrandt
Vermeer
Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella: A marriage that unified Spain. Oppressed non-Christians.
Spanish Inquisition: antisemitism
Targeted converted Jews
Golden Age of Spain
Colonization
Gold and silver was priority.
Manufactured goods were shipped to colonies
Spain used native american labor.
Spain was motivated due to lack of resources in Spain
Phillip II
El Escorial
Decline of Spain:
Dutch Independence
Spanish Armada
Fall of Holy Roman Empire.
Slave Trade
Portugal: Sugar farms
Royal African Co. England's slave company
Most slaves went to the Americas or the Caribbean
Triangular Trade Route: Britain
Britain: Manufactured goods to Africa
Africa: Slaves to Americas
Americas: Raw materials shipped to Britian
Dutch republic
Dutch East India company
Became a rival of Spain in world trade, due to size of merchant fleet
Dutch Golden Age:
Art form: Baroque, with everyday subjects
Rembrandt
Vermeer
Economic boost, boom in world trade.
Amsterdam: banking center of Europe.
The Netherlands had no government control over business, and no massive monopolies
House of Orange
Calvanist: some Arminians.
Government: Oligarchy
England
Society
Large Middle Class
Advanced farming Techniques
Largely Calvainist
Puritans wanted to get rid of catholic 'ish' beliefs
The Stuart Monarchy
Favored Divine Right monarchy and Absolutism
Disliked by Parliament
James I
Divine Right Monarchy
Dissolved Parliament Twice
Damaged prestge of the monarchy due to relations with other men.
Ruled 1603-1625
Charles I
Son Of James I
Divine Right Monarchy
Loathed by parliament
Ruled 1625-1649
Dissolved Parliament over the Petition of Right in 1629
Short Parliament 1640: Charles needed money, but Parliament demanded Petition of Right. Disbanded 1 month later.
Long Parliament: 1640-48: Charles agreed to parliament's demands
Parliament could only dissolve itself
Parliament had to meet at least tri-annually
no more ship money: taxes to build ships
Star Chamber was abolished
Common law was above the king's law
Puritans became the majority in parliament
English Civil War:
Cavaliers supported the king
Roundheads supported parliament
New Model Army: Organized by ability, not rank
Proved extremely effective
Charles I was defeated, but returned later with a Scottish army, and was defeates again.
The war ended when Charles I was Beheaded.
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan
Became the military dictator of England
Led the roundheads to victory against the king.
Had Charles I Tried and Excecuted
Dissolved Parliament, and ruled as not king until 1658
His son was incapable of ruling well, so Charles II was invited back to be king.
Charles II
Billionaire Playboy type of ruler
Power was not absolute
Religiously tolerant
Pro-catholic (almost)
James II
Brother of Charles II
Catholic: tried to make England catholic
After his son was born, he was driven out by William of Orange, as requested by parliament.
Glorious Revolution:
No casualties
English Bill of rights
England became a constitutional monarchy
English Constitution
Habeus Corpus Act: 1679
English bill of rights: 1689
Petition of right: 1628
King can't be catholic
Parliament had free speech
Laws had to be approved by parliament