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Pneumonia (management (improving airway patency (ineffective airway…
Pneumonia
management
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med for cough (mucolytic agent, expectorants)
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improving airway patency
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monitor by ABG, pulse oximetry, regular vital signs, SPO2, encourage fluid intake -> thin and loosen secretion
deep breathing with incentive spirometry,encourage effective coughing
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promote patients' knowledge (deficient knowledge about pneumonia, treatment regimen and preventive health measure)
educate the cause of pneumonia, s/s, appropriate disposal of tissue with sputum & cough, handwashing to prevent transmission
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pathophysi
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parenchyma: lung tissue including bronchioles, bronchi, blood vessels, interstitium and alveoli
or due to infected alveoli -> fill with exudate -> consolidation of lung tissue -> impaired gaseous exchange
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risk factor: immunosuppressed patients, smoking, prolong immobility
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S/S
fever, sudden onset of chills (rapid rising fever), sweats, pleuritic chest pain
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hemoptysis, headache, fatigue
signs of respiratory distress (sob, dyspnea, use of accessory muscle in respiration, increase in RR, increase in oxygen saturation
classification
one
community acquired pneumonia = occurs in the community/ within first 48 hrs after hospitalization (streptococcal pneumonia, haemophilus influenza, legionnarires disease, mycoplasma pnuemonia, viral pneumonia)
hospital acquired pneumonia = nosocominal pnuemonia; occurs >48 hours after hospital (pseudomonas pneumonia, staphylococcal pnuemonia, klebsiella pnuemonia)
pneumonia in the immunocompromised host (pneumocystis pnuemonia, fungal pneumonia)
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