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Dementia (The stats (Estimated (~400,000 people w dementia by 2020, ~900…
Dementia
The stats
330,000 in Oz
~75% are 75+
60% women
~70% live in community
~1.2mill are involved in the care of someone w dementia
Estimated
~400,000 people w dementia by 2020
~900,000 by 2050
Single greatest cause of disability in Oz's 65+
3rd leading cause of death
What is it?
Not a single specific disease
Umbrella term for 100 different disease
Impairment of brain functions inc:
Language
Memory
Perception
Personality
Cognitive skills
Some of the diseases inc:
Front temporal lobar degeneration
Death of nerve cells to brain
Similar to Alzh/Parkinsons
Alcohol related dementia
Death of nerve cells to brain
Similar to Alzh/Parkinsons
W Lewy bodies
Death of nerve cells to brain
Similar to Alzh/Parkinsons
Alzheimers disease
Most common
50-70% of all dementias
Vascular
2nd most common cause of dementia
Diagnosing
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Test of choice
Rules out treatable causes of dementia
Shows pattern of brain tissue loss: Alzh vs frontotemporal
PET and SPECT
Small amount of radioactive material is injected into pt and scanners detect emissions
Mini Mental Sate Examination (MMSE)
30pt questionnaire test
Screens for cognitive impairment
Used to est severity of cognitive impairment and assess changes over time
Effective way to document response to tx
7 cognitive domains:
Recall of 3 words
Language
Attn and calculation
Registration of 3 words
Orientation to place
Orientation to time
Levels:
None (24-30)
Mild (18-24)
Severe (0-17)
Computed tomography (CT/CAT scan)
Can show Alz vs other causes of dementia
3D images via XRays from various angles in short periods of time
Used to rule out causes of dementia such as:
stroke, MS, brain tumour, haemorrhage