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The early British empire (Henry Vll wanted to improve England's…
The early British empire
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In 1534 he created the church of England, that began a religious divide between England and Ireland.
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Mary and Phillip never had children, so in 1558 the crown passed to Elizabeth l.
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In 1607, Captain John Smith founded a permanent colony at Jamestown in Virginia.
The first successful English colonies in the West Indies were founded in the 1620s:
The settlers set up sugar and tobacco plantations, and used slave labour.
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In the 18th century, Britain fought a number of wars against France, taking over colonies established by the French:
Victories by Robert Clive, especially the Battle of Plassey in 1757, drove out the French and established British control in India.
During the Seven Years' War (1756‒1763) the British won Canada from the French with a notable victory coming from General James Wolfe's capture of Quebec in 1759.
By 1783, Britain had established an empire which comprised:
Colonies in Canada, America and the West Indies.
Trading posts in India.
Naval bases in the Mediterranean - Gibraltar and Minorca.
Britain's defeat in the American War of Independence (1775‒1783) meant the loss of the American colonies and the end of the 'first British Empire.
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