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(P) The Circulatory System (The heart (Four major blood vessels (Pulmonary…
(P) The Circulatory System
Blood
Plasma
Pale yellow
Transports chemicals
Usful
Food
Hormones
Waste
Carbon dioxide
Salts
Urea
Body temperature
Too hot extra blood is sent to our skin
Sick our body temperature to help fight bacteria
High temperatures can have damaging effects should not last long
Carries heat around
Also carries
Red blood cells
White blood cells
platelets
White blood cells
Made in the bone marrow
Fight of infection
Surrounds the micro-organisms
Form antibodies to destroy micro-organisms
Red blood cells
Made in the bone marrow
Contain red dye called haemoglobin
Need iron to make
Carries oxygen
Oxygen enters in the alveoli
Attaches to haemoglobin
Release when reaches parts of the body
Platelets
Formed in the bone marrow
Forms blood clots
Prevents blood loss
Prevents micro-organisms entering the body
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Carries blood away for the heart
Strong blood flow
Under high pressure
Thick and strong walls
Blood wont flow backwords
Veins
Carry blood to the heart
Not as steady
Low pressure
Thinner and weaker walls than arteries
Have valves
Stops blood flowing backword
At regular intervals
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels
Found between arteries and veins
Huge number in the human body
Walls are very thin
Allows material to pass in and out
The heart
Blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart
See document
Four major blood vessels
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Vena cava
Ventricles
Left
Walls are very thick
Pumps blood around the body
Right
Wall is fairly thin
Pumps blood to lungs
Blood circuits
See document
Blood-flow through the heart
See document
Structure
Parts
Heath valves
Makes blood only flow in one directiont5
Septum
Hole in the hearts are usually found here
Made of muscle
The wall separating the two sides
Chambers
Bottom two
Left ventricle
Right ventricles
Top two
Left atria
Right atria
Four chambers
Rest rate is average 70 per minute
Contracts to pump blood around the body
Made of cardiac muscle
Located in left hand side of chest
About half the size of a clenched fist
Pulse rate
Average 70 per min
Blood is pumped cause a wave of pressure (pulse)
Felt in areas where arteries are close
Wrist
Neck
Used to measure the rate of the heart
Heart Disese
Major cause of illness and death
Recucing
Exercising regularly
Eating a healthy diet
Not smoking