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Ecology (Feeding Relationships in a Habitat: (1. Producers: (Green plants…
Ecology
What is Ecology?
Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment.
Animals: need plants for food and shelter, if food is scarce then animals will need to move somewhere else or otherwise they might starve.
Plants rely on animals to transfer pollen and to scatter their seeds.
When plants and animals die then bacteria and fungi rot them down and return minerals to the soil these are all example of how organisms interact.
Habitats:
The habitat of an organism is the place where it lives.
Feeding Relationships in a Habitat:
1. Producers:
Green plants are known as producers because they make their own food and when they photosynthesise plants then produce food for themselves and for other animals.
2. Consumers:
All other organisms get their food either by eating plants or eating other animals and these are known as consumers.
Examples of Consumers:
Herbivores (feed on plant material only e.g. greenfly, limpets and snails.
Carnivores (feed on animal material only, e.g. centipedes, starfish and sparrow hawks.
Omnivores (feed on both plant and animal material, e.g. badgers, barnacles, humans.
3. Decomposers:
Finally there are the decomposers like bacteria, fungi, woodlice and earthworms. Decomposers break down dead plant and animal material, as a result nutrients are put back into the soil, in other words the nutrients are recycled.
A Food Web:
A food web is a series of inter-connecting food chains.
Adaptation:
Adaption is when an organism has characteristics that make it well suited to its environment.
Competition:
Competition takes place when organisms struggle for the same resources in the habitat.
Interdependence:
Interdependence is when two different types of organism need each other.