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Pediatric Anatomy (Respiratory System (Tongue (Relatively larger when…

- - - - Increased risk of
        airway obstruction
  - - - Can cause hyperextension
        or hyperflexion of the neck
        
        Can lead to complete or partial
        occlusion of the airway
      - Allows for only a small amount
        of swelling before airflow compromise
        occurs
      - Cartilaginous nature can result
        in collapse if not positioned appropriately
  - - - If it were lower (like in adults)
        pediatrics would aspirate food
        into the trachea as they swallow
  - - - With inspiration the ribs
        only move up and not out
        
        This limits their capacity
        to increase tidal volume
    - - Pediatrics have a higher metabolic
        rate than adults
        
        Higher oxygen demand
  - - - Can result in respiratory failure
        as the diaphragm fatigues
      - Exhaust fater than adults
    - - Inability of the diaphragm
        to move downward
        
        Due to compact
        abdomen
  - - - Poor elastic recoil
        
        Vulnerable to airway
        closure
  - - - Makes any inflammatory response
        more likely to compromise the movement
        of air
- - - - They cannot increase inotropy
        as their heart has low volume
        compliance
        
        Maintenance of cardiac
        output relies on heart rate
  - - - SNS is still being developed
        and is not yet fully functioning
        
        Will result in the PNS
        taking over
        
        Bradycardia #
        
        Cellular hypoxia
  - - - Operating near the top of the
        Frank-Starling curve
        
        Less reserve in response
        to preload and afterload
        
        Depends on heart rate
        to maintain cardiac output #
  - - - This makes the
        myocardium stiff
        
        Contraction becomes
        more difficult #
- - - - Decreased glomerular
        filtration rate
        
        Unable to effectively
        concentrate urine
        
        Dehydration #
        
        Sepsis
- - - - Results in an increased
        risk of toxins being absorbed
        through their skin
        
        Infection
  - - - As a result cannot
        thermoregulate
        
        More prone to accidental
        hypothermia
  - - - As a result cannot
        thermoregulate #
- - - - Invaders can pass
        through much easier
        
        Neurological symptoms
        and deficits
  - - - Thinner subarachnoid
        space
        
        Increased vulnerability
        to primary and secondary
        brain injury
- - - - Increased risk
        for injury
  - - - Potentially could
        increase pressure
        on the diaphragm
        
        Respiratory Distress
    - - Horizontal location #
  - - - Higher change of loosing
        water when they become
        sick
        
        Dehydration
    - - Decreased ability to
        maintain glucose stores
        
        Hypoglycemia
  - - - Jaundice
    - - Increased risk for
        trauma to internal
        organs