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Developmental Psychology (Lawrence Kohlberg (Pre-Conventional Morality…

- - - - First two years of an infant's life. During this stage they are discovering relationships between their body and the environment.**
      - Preoperational Stage
        
        Lasts around the ages of two, all the way to age 7. This is the stage where kids learn how to talk, and take part in basic symbolic learning or play.**
        
        Concrete Operational Stage
        
        Lasts between the ages of 7-12, and is characterized by the development of logical thought in children. Even kids become more aware of concrete things, they will still struggle with abstract ideas.**
        
        Formal Operational Stage
        
        Stage that lasts from adolescence through adulthood. During this period, people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts, with skills surrounding logical thought.
- - - - Concerns towards the right or wrong aspects of society, often seen in young adolescents. Usually kids will perform actions that pleases others at a higher status, such as peers, parents, teachers, etc.
        
        Post Conventional Morality
        
        Concerns young adults, where they reached the highest level of morale, and now are part of the groups that is concerned with the natural rights of humans. They follow their own principles, and recognize the flexibility of rules, and how some of them should be changed.
- - - - Stage that affects infants, where they are uncertain about the world they live in. To solve these feelings, the infants look towards their primary caregiver, usually the mother, for the consistency of care. This is where basic trust with the caregiver is often developed.
      - Autonomy vs. Shame
        
        Occurs during early childhood, around the ages of 1-3. Kids start to assert their independence by walking away from their mother, picking toys they want to play with, deciding what they want to do or eat, and learning how to use the bathroom on their own.
        
        Initiative vs. Guilt
        
        This stage occurs from the ages of three through five. This is a period where children begin to assert themselves more frequently by regularly interacting with other children at school. Play is key in this stage, as it provides kids with the opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills through easy activities. Plus kids also begin to ask many questions towards their parents, as their thirst for knowledge increases. Guilt usually comes when parents treat their child's questions as annoying or not appropriate
        
        Industry vs. Inferiority
        
        Starts at the school age from 5-12, and is where kids learn how read and write, perform math problems, and do other things on their own. This is where teachers will take an important role in a kids life, and if children feel like their initiative is not congratulated, then they will receive a sense of inferiority.
  - - - Happens during young adulthood, from ages 18-40. These young adults begin to share themselves more intimately with others. They delve into relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone that's not their family member, but their partner.
      - Generativity vs. Stagnation
        
        This occurs during middle adulthood from the ages of 40 to 65 years. This is where we settle on what our careers are, settle down in a relationship, begin our own families, and establish a sense of being a part of something brighter. Plus we also give back to society through raising our children, being effective at work, and becoming more situated in community organizations.
        
        Ego Integrity vs. Despair
        
        This happens as we grow older, typically around the age of 65 and above. We become senior citizens, and tend to slow down our productivity, and enjoy life to the fullest as a retired person. It is during this time that we question our accomplishments, and can develop integrity if we think we had a successful life.