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The Beautiful Brain (Perceptions (Thinking (top mental activity of man…

- - - - muscle receptors signals the brain the current length and stretch of the muscles
  - - - advances and accomlishments (output) derives from thought (input)
- - - - thinking develops in order for us to manage feelings (and the needs they represent) in more flexible ways than our in-built instincts provide. Thinking is a refinement of instinct.
        
        thinking not only interposes itself between feelings (in general) and actions, but also between instinctual feelings and the automatic responses they would release. Thinking generates more nuanced action options.
        
        thoughts are just an internalized version of our perceptual experiences of the world. All thoughts, as distinct from feelings, have a perceptual format that is derived from sensory images. (This applies also to thinking in words.) They are internalisations of our experience of the world; what Freud called the “reality principle”.
        So when we are feeling our way through a problem using thoughts, we are, as it were, feeling our way through a virtual form of reality, feeling our way through representations of reality.
        The function of thinking, in this sense, stands for reality. It’s a virtual space in which we can work out, in the safety of our minds, what to do in relation to reality, before we actually put solutions into effect. In short: thoughts are interposed between feelings and actions.
- - - - http://changingminds.org/techniques/happiness/happiness.htm
      - interest=that which affects our needs and goals=attention given http://changingminds.org/principles/interest.htm
        
        interest is fundamentally SELFISH - in you, not others (others only if it aligns with your beliefs/self-perception, values [i.e. you get pleasure from making others feel good, because it reaffirms your self-percetion, your values, you're in alignment with yourself, and you deem it as essential to reach your goals and needs--for instance because you think it's crucial to make others find you blablabla for your social status, which again comes down to your own survival -->existing vs surviving vs thriving] needs and goals)
        
        everything you do, fundamentally, is for you/your own gain - based on your opinons, beliefs, attitudes, values, mental models, needs, goals (pain avoidance vs gain/pleasure seeking preferance). "WIIF" facot=Whats In It For Me
- - - - sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing. They bring information back to the central process in the brain. Emotions exert an effect on human thinking by producing actions such as crying, laughing and sadness that modify the sensory information.
    - - Thinking brings together information to link the various parts into something comprehensible. Cognition refers to the thought process.
    - - Reasoning takes facts and evidence perceived by the senses and combines it with thinking to draw conclusions. The most common types include: Inductive reasoning, refers to the process of starting from specifics and expanding the concepts to cover a range of observations; deductive reasoning: starting from a general rule and moving to a specific item.
    - - Learning occurs to help the individual think. Human beings learn using a trial and error process along with incorporating experiences, abstract thought and deduction. According to Science Daily, intelligence arises from the number of connections learned. The brain integrates the incoming data with the information stored in the brain.
        
        klassisk betinging, operant betinging, kognitiv, sosial-kognitiv,(observasjonslæring), organisatorisk læring
        
        fire prosesser: PERSEPSJON, læring, lagring,gjenfinning
        
        enkelkretslæring, dobbelkretslæring, deuterolæring
        
        http://digitaldidaktikk.no/refleksjon/detalj/laeringsteorier
        
        skjemaer (mentale modeller): assimilasjon og akkomodasjon
        
        konstruktivismen
        
        "learning by doing"
        
        TENKNING ET REDSKAP FOR HANDLING
        
        man lærer ikke utelukkende fra ytre stimulI, konkrete handlinger og erfaringer er viktig.
        
        sosiokulturell / sosiokonstruktiv teori
        
        vi lærer ikke i et vakum, men i dynamisk interaksjon med omgivelser og sosiale kontekster.
        
        språk hovednøkkel. "touch", eller fysisk interaksjon med læringsemne, lagrer minner bedre.
        
        «I et sosiokulturelt perspektiv fungerer psykologiske og fysiske redskaper som strukturerende ressurser som gjør det mulig for deltakere i sosiale praksiser å tolke og handle kompetent i nye situasjoner. (...) Resultatet av interaksjon er at vi forandres som individer; det gjelder både vårt intellektuelle og kommunikative repertoar og vår måte å beherske fysiske redskaper på. Vi øker vår evne til å forstå hvordan sosiale aktiviteter er strukturer og hva de innebærer; det er ingenting i det «ytre» som kommer inn i det «indre».» (Roger Säljö, «Læring i praksis: et sosiokulturelt perspektiv», 2010, s. 155.)
        
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