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ADHD (Coghill (Limitation of many studies (Super controls, Observational,…
ADHD
Coghill
Casual linear model
Not realistic
Over symplistic
Cognitive functioning cannot explain everything
Heterogeneity
Shared neuropsychological weakness across clinical disorders
Limitation of many studies
Super controls
Observational
Cross sectional
Based on differences between case and controls
New model
McAuley
Predictors
Clinical
Anxiety
Number of symptoms
Parental history
genetics
Parenting skills
Conflict
Oppositional, deliquent behavior
Risk reserve framework
Biological risk
Plasticity
Pregnancy
Stress
Drugs
Birthcomplications
Cognitive reserve
Intelligence
Problem solving
Education
Life experience
Cognitive predictors
Low executive functions
Theoretical model that may account for heterogeneity
Aim of study
Explore childhood factors in relation to persistence of ADHD
Results
Adolescents with persisting ADHD
More ADHD in childhood
Had used medication
Comorbid ODD
Parents with ADHD
not significant
Fathers with anxiety/depression
Rommelse
weaker functional connectivity
top down impairment of control
useful for treatment but not for diagnosis
Sonuga Barke
2010
3 domains
delay aversion
Associated with reading and IQ
Temporal processing
New
Associated with reading
Inhibitory control
Paradigms
Which tasks? And explain
Stop-signal task
stop tone
Go/No-Go task
Stroop task
Delay aversion task
Delay frustration
Delay reaction time
tapping
Duration discimination
time anticipation
Working memory
reading
2005
First model
Exectutive dysfuntion due to deficient inhibitory control
Thalamo cotrico striatal executive cicuit
DLPFC
NE
DA
dorsal striatum/caudate
DA
Thalamus
Second model
Impaired signaling of delayed reward from disturbance in motivational processes
thalamo-cortico-striatal reward circuit
Dopamine modulated
Ventral striatum
to frontal regions
ACC
OFC
Via thalamus
vental pallidum
Amygdala defines motivational significance
1 more item...
Nucleus accumbens
Role of environment
Personal accommodation
environmental moderation
Dual pathway model
dissociable cognitive and motivational deficits
Adults
Hyperactivity decreases
Impulsivity also but less
Models
Cognitive dysfunction
Deficit in EF
Inhibitory deficit
ADHD