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Thesis/Dissertation (II. Review of Related Literature (Reminders (● get…

- - - - • and write also how much percentage of the population was used as the respondents and mention only what formula did you use in order to get the number of respondents
      - • mention also the description of population (write also the total number of population)
      - • provides information about the respondents / samples
      - • indicate also the sampling technique (manner employed in the selection of respondents / samples)
        
        a. Probability sampling
        Simple random sampling - each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process
        Systematic sampling - a statistical method involving the selection of elements from an ordered sampling frame (criteria or reference/sequence of selection)
        Stratified sampling - the population embraces a number of distinct categories, the frame can be organized by these categories into separate "strata." Each stratum is then sampled as an independent sub-population, out of which individual elements can be randomly selected.
        These various ways of probability sampling have two things in common: • every element has a known non-zero probability of being sampled; and • involves random selection at some point.
        
        b. Non-probability sampling
        Quota sampling - the population is first segmented into mutually exclusive sub-groups, just as in stratified sampling. Then judgement is used to select the subjects or units from each segment based on a specified proportion.
         Accidental sampling - (sometimes known as grab, convenience or opportunity sampling) is a type of nonprobability sampling which involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population which is close to hand
        Panel sampling - the method of first selecting a group of participants through a random sampling method and then asking that group for (potentially the same) information several times over a period of time.
    - - • explains the detailed description of how data used in the study were collected (step by step)
    - - • write the type of research methodology you’ll employ with your study (reason out)
      - write also the step by step procedure that you are going to do to conduct the research
        
        Descriptive/Qualitative - this type of research methods involve describing in details specific situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations. It focuses on gathering of mainly verbal data rather than measurements.
        
        Descriptive/Quantitative - this type of research methods requires quantifiable data involving numerical and statistical explanations. Quantitative analysis hinges on researchers understanding the assumptions inherent within different statistical models. It generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers. The presentation of data is through tables containing data in the form of numbers and statistics.
        
        Correlation/Regression Analysis – this
        research methodology involves determining the strength of the relationship between two or more variables (e.g. are violent video games correlated with aggression in children).
        
        Quasi-Experimental - this research involves the comparison of two groups, one which is influenced by an external source and another which is not.
        
        Experimental - involves the use of random assignment to place participants in two groups: an experimental group which receives intervention, and another control group without any intervention. It is using a positive control for you to base it or compare it in your result.
        
        Meta-Analysis - this research method is useful for finding out the average impact of several different studies on a hypothesis.
    - - • write here how the gathered data were presented and analyzed (usually through tables and graphs or charts)
    - - •mention and write the statistical method used in conducting the study from identifying the respondents to analyzing of data
    - - • describes the instrument (survey questionnaire or interview form, etc.)
- - - - • includes both the general and specific objectives (must be parallel to your SOP)
    - - • includes the period when the study was conducted starting from the preparation of outline, data gathering (preliminary interview & RRL), conduct of survey to writing of the manuscript
    - - • discusses the reasons in conducting the research
      - • if you have few beneficiaries you can just write it in one or two paragraph (why is it important to conduct the study & all the beneficiaries and how they can benefit from the study)
      - • but if you have many beneficiaries write the following:  1st paragraph (Why is it important to conduct this study)
         2nd paragraph – main beneficiary (organization)
         3rd paragraph – secondary beneficiary
         4th paragraph – importance to the proponents/researchers  5th paragraph – importance to the future researchers
    - - • describes the extent of the study
         actual place where the study will only be conducted
         duration of the conduct of the study
         inclusions of the study (only specific aspect of the study or topic)  limit of the number of respondents
         area limit (if applicable)
    - - • contains a general problem written in the form of a statement followed by the specific questions or sub- problems
      - • describes the problems to be investigated
    - - • key terms or phrases only used in the study
      - • brief but clear definitions