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CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR (Secession (Compromise of 1850:, Senator John J.…
CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR
Secession
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Missouri Compromise: The addition of Missouri as a state would upset the balance between slave and free states. The compromise proposed that Missouri would be a slave state and Maine would be added as a free state to maintain the balance.
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Fugitive Slave Law (1850): This law allowed slave owners the right to cross state borders to search for and recapture their 'property' and would have the right to a trial in court to prove it.
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Land
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Mexican American War (1846-1848)
The war was concluded due to the Treaty of Guadalupe. Mexico sold land to America as a result
James K. Polk
A slave owning southerner dedicated to Democratic party. A nationalist that campaigned on Manifest Destiny: Annex Texas, Occupy Oregon 54' 40" or fight. Most territory added than any other President accept Jefferson. Official U.S. territory of Oregon 1848.
Societal Differences
Sectionalism: loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country rather than the nation as a whole.
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Economy: growth of industry:
- The South, despite having 35% of the population, produced 10% of the manufactured goods in the US in 1860
- The North had increasing internal and foreign trade, improvements in transport by canal, river and road, and twice as much rail track as the south.
Economic Population:
- The North had 18.65 million, the south had 10.5 million.
- 1830-60 most of the 5 million immigrants to America settled in the North as there were more jobs due to industrial growth.
- so, the south's population stagnated while the North's grew
Economic: trade
- by the 1850s most US trade was raw cotton to Britain
- the south supported free trade to encourage more trade with Britain
- the north favoured tariffs to protect new industries from competition in Europe.
- The south relied heavily on the North for trade and felt exploited.
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Political Disagreements
Rise of Republican Party.
-It was most Northern Whig men, Know Nothings, Free Soilers and antislavery democrats. This was the completion of the market, during this time the rise to immigration occurred as well. Completion of the Northern Railroads. This party moving forward.
Free Soil Party This party was organized by anti-slavery men in the north. The FSP was against new slave territories. They advocated for federal aid for internal improvement and also urged free government for free home steads. They foreshadowed the emergence of the Republican Party. This party existed during the time period of 1848
Abraham Lincoln- Was the 16th president. He wanted to fight to save Union, abolish Slavery, Constitution-Representative Democracy. Wrote the Emancipation Proclamation. Gave the Gettysburg Address. Commander and chief of Civil War. He was controversial in the south because he wanted to end slavery and etc.
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SLAVERY
For
Fugitive Slave Law (1850):A law making it a crime to help runaway slaves. If caught could face up to 6 months in prison and a $1000 dollar fine. Commissioners 10 dollars right slave $5 dollars wrong slave.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates:
During the race to become Senator Lincoln asked to have multiple debates with Douglas. Certain topics of these debates were slavery, how to deal with slavery, and where slavery should be allowed. Although Lincoln lost the election to Douglas, he was known throughout the country because of the debates.
Against
Harper's Ferry
John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged
Uncle Tom's Cabin: Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict.
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Crittenden Amendments:
designed to appease South; said slavery was prohibited north of the 36 degree 30' line; south of that slavery was given federal protection; President Lincoln rejected these amendments. Last ditch attempt to restore status quo at thirty-six thirty
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